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Biology Midterm Study Guide
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Chaoter
The Nature of Life (o.2)
Students will be able to...
identify variables in an experiment
distinguish between observations and inferences
match examples to characteristics of living things
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Mike's dad always buys bread with preservatives because he says it lasts longer. Mike asks, "Will bread with preservatives stay
fresh longer than bread without preservatives?" He hypothesizes that bread with preservatives will not grow mold as quickly as
bread without preservatives. ln order to test his hypothesis, he obtains one slice of bread containing preservatives and one sllce
of bread without any preservatives. He dampens two paper towels and folds the paper towels so that they will lay flat inside two
separate ziploc bagB. One slice of bread is placed in each bag and the bags are sealed and kept in a dark environment for one
week. Mike records mold growth once a day for one week.
What is Mike's hypothesis?
What is the independent variable? Dependent variable? Control group?
Name 3 controlled variables in Mike's experiment.
"The bread with preservatives has less mold growing on its surface than the bread without
preservatives" is an (observation, inference, opinion).
"The bread without preservatives tastes better" is an (observation, inference, opinion).
"The preservatives in the bread include fungicides" is an (obseruation, inference, opinion).
Distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory.
List the 8 characteristics of living things and gives examples of each:
t.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chapter 2: The Chemistrv of Life (o.34)
Students will be able to...
a
Explain atomic structure, chemical bonding, and the properties of water
a
Distinguish between the macromolecules
t
Explain how enzymes work to speed up chemical reactions and how enrymatic reactions
are affected by temperature and concentration of enzymes (Liver Lab)
Distinguish between energr-absorbing and enerry-releasing chemical reactions
MACROMOLECULE
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protern
Nucleic Acid
FUNCTION
MONOMER
EXAMPLE
Chaoter 3: The Biosohere (o,62)
Students will be able to...
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Deflne the levels of organization of studying ecologr/biology
lnterpret food webs, food chains, and energr pyramids (feeding relationships)
ldentif,the processes in the biogeochemical cycles (water, carbon, and nitrogen)
Distinguish between the flow of energy and the flow of matter in an ecosystem
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t$is faoil thain, Olle nrmao ins I'ep.r, dratt t os a* em'lrfte,
. The gouid eatg the smcll ffsh,
. The erioslankton eat the aleae,
gle sdurcl.
. The
I lr€ slrark
shaik eats
eab the
squid. Ttre srndl fish eat thi zooplankton,
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THE NITROGEN CYCLE (p.78): Complete the diagram
How much of the sun's eners/ does the shark receive?
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Which animal represent the trophic level with the least amount of biomass?
Chaoter 4: Ecosletems and Communities (o.86)
Students will be able to...
o
Explain the climate patterns on the globe
a
Give examples of biotic and abiotic factors
a
Give examples of community interactions and
symbiotic relationships
ldentify characteristics of the major biomes and
marine ecosysterns
Define and give examples of:
PredationCompetition-
MutualismCommensalismParasitism-
THE CARBON CYCLE
(p.77): Complete the diagram
AlSas
Distinguish between primary and secondary succession.
Sketch a climatogram (climate diagram). Which is the temperature? Precipitation?
Compare and contrast two biomes of your choice.
Chaoter
5:
Pooulations (o.1181
Students will be able to...
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r
o
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Calculate growth rate and population density
Distinguish between exponential and logistic growth
Give examples of limiting factors (density-dependent and density-independent)
Discuss the growth of the human population (past, present, future)
A population of whitetail deer increased from 205 to 1230 from 2005 to 2009 in 4OO acre metropark
forest. What is the growth rate? What is the population density in 2009?
Sketch a Logistic Growth Curve and Exponential Growth Curue.
Distinguish between densitydependent and density-independent limiting factors. Give examples of
each.
Gettin4 to Know the Comoound Microscooe (o. 10701
Students will be able to...
ldentify the parts of the microscope and their functions
Focus, stain, and prepare a wet mount
Measure with the microscope
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r
ldentify the parts of the microscope:
L.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1'1".
t2.
13.
1-4.
Explain how the measure with the microscope. What diameter do you use at low power? High power?
Chaoter 7: CellStructure and Function (o. 1681
Students will be able to...
Explain the role of technology in our understanding of life (developing the cell theory)
ldentiry cell organelles and their functions (diagrams, plant vs. animal cells)
Explain how molecules move across the membrane (diffusion, active transport, osmosis)
Explain cellular organization and cell specialization
Look at the ba*ers at the l$t, In tfu bcoktt's on tht right, drnt tu any
drnlgcs in roflt?r lqtel or wwfter of soltte Nfitcles a, cttclt tide { ihe.
Use p. 175 to Label the PLANT CELL:
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ns
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Plant cell
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Students will be able to...
Compare and contrast photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation
Write the chemical equations for all of these
Photosynthesis:
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Respiration:
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Fermentation:
Explain ATP- what is it? Where does it come
from? How is it used?
Chaoter 10: Cell Growth and Division (o. 240)
Students will be able to...
e Relate cell size to diffusion efficiency (surface
area to volume ratio)
o Explain how the cell cycle is regulated and
identify the steps of mitosis
Use pp. 246-247 to label Cell Clcle:
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Algae
1.
a) Whici ones are consumers? Decomposers?
Producers? Heterotrophs? Autotrophs? (There may Lre
multiple answers for each one).
b) Which has the smallest biomass?
c) Which has the largest biomass?
Owl
5.
Label and state the function of each'
o.
a) Whattypeofcellisthisandhowdoyou
know?
b) What controls cell growth?
Tree shrews
Z.
c) What does the surface area to volume ratio
have to do with cell size?
al What
do trophic levels show?
b) lf the tree Sives 1500 cal to insects, how
much energy does the owl get?
)
lnsects
Tree
3.
a) Label all the zones.
b) Which zone gets the mostsunlight and
explain why? _
c) Whl do temps drop as one moves further
away from the equator?
d) Explain how air moves on the planet.
<-<---
0
l.
a\
How many populations of animals are
shown?
b) What
are the nonliving factors here?
sunlighl
g.
<--
pI{ Values of Some Common
Label everything,
what
is this cycle called?
Substance
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Tomatoes
Rainwater
Pure water
Sea water
Ammonium chloride
Sodium hydroxide
S$ttg!.,
PH
l-0
1
2
4.7
6Z
10
8.5
l1.l
13.0
a) Which is the strongest acid?
b) What is the PH of the weakest acid?
c) What is the pH of the stron8est base?
d) lf a solution has a high concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) is it an acid or a base?
e) Which is a strongeracid? Atomatoorraln
water?
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9.
a) tf a limiting nutrient is supplied to the
producers, what effect does it have on birds?
b) How many kcal will the Bass get?
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kcd
c) What 3 scientific approaches do ecologists
use to explain ecoldgy? '
Growth
rde
11.
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Days
10.
a) Listallthebioticandabioticfactors.
b) What would happen if a dam was built in
region
a) Which species has greater initialgrowth
when grown seParatelY?
b) Which species has greater initial growth
together?
when grown
ci wtrai type ot population gro*h curve is
C?
c) Which regions contain more nutrients than
other regions and explain why?
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shown in the first graph?
d) Explai;hy P. caudatum declined in trowth
when theY were grown together'
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;ChreQ-=--f4.
a) ls this an animal or a plant cell and explain
how you knew that.
b) LabelXandY'
c) Label each step and
order.
d)
put them in the correct
Draw a picture of what the next step might
look like.
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16.
15.
a) Howmanyenergytransferringstepsaway
from the sun is the deer?
b) compare the energy available to ihe wolf if
Finish the table.
it eats first level consumers instead of second level
consumers.
A
shrdent placed three cubes of agar that contaiaed the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The
cubes were the following lengths: 3 cm, 2 cm, and I cm. ln the presence of an acid, such as vinegar,
phenolphthaleil h:ms from pink to clear. After l0 minutes, the shrdent cut each cube open and measured the
distance that the vinegr had diffirsed into each cube. She thm started to complete the data table.
o
Vinegar
Agar cubes
Figure 10-5
Agar Cubes
Cube
Surface
Volume
(cmt)
Size
Area
(length
in cm)
(c-')
3
54
27
10
6
1
10
2
1
Ratio of
Surface
Area to
Volume
Depth of
Diffusion
(mm)
Time
Rate of
(minutes)
Diffusion
(mr/minute)
10
a) Which steps show the carbon cycle
passing
.
through living systems?
b) After learning about respiration
and
.
photosynthesis, explain how
the carbon cycle and the
oxygen cycle are related.