Download Salahaddin University College of Science Geology Department

Salahaddin University
College of Science
Geology Department
Geological
Questions
------------------------------------
Part One
Kurdistan-Questions
1) Zor Hauran Formation in south of Iraqequivalent towhich formation in the north part of
Iraq:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kurra China
Mirga Mir
Beduh
Baluti
2) All of the following formations in Iraq red colorin lithology except
1234-
Prispiki
Beduh
Barsarin
Gercus
3) Shale use after which formation when its write:
1234-
Chia Gara
Sarmord
Sargelu
Ora
4) The lower contact of Garagu Formation with
1234-
Balambo
Chia Gara
Barsarin
Gotnia
5) Which formation composed mainly of Sandston?
1234-
Ga'ara
Balambo
Bajwan
Alan
6) Anhydrite is lithology to
1234-
Alan
Anah
Both of them
None of them
7) The lens limestons present in Kolosh Formation is
1234-
Avanah
Khurmalah
Anah
Geli Khana
8) Contact in which of the following formations is not gradational
1234-
Gercus – Kolosh
Geli Khana – Kurra China
Ora – Harur
Geli Khana – Beduh
9) Which of the following is not correct succession in Iraq?
1234-
Kaista-Ora-Harur
Kurra China-Baluti-Sarki
Chia Zairi- Mirga Mir- Beduh
Gercus- Kolosh- Upper Fars
10) Which of the formations below have the same name in Iraq & Saudi Arabia?
1234-
Yammama
Sulaiya
Gotnia
Mulussa
11) Fossil fuel (Coal) rich in which of the formations below
1234-
Chia Gara
Karimia
Noakelekan
Kaista
12) During the Sehkaniyan formation deposited in Kurdistan which formation was deposited in
south part?
1234-
Alan
Adaiyah
Mus
All of them
13) Which of the formations below belong to the Triassic period?
12345-
Geli Khana
Beduh
Kurra China
Mirga Mir
All of them
14) Middle Oligocene (Kirkuk group) contain all of them in Iraq except
1234-
Tarjil
Ibrahim
Bajwan
Baba
15) Which of the following formations best to hydrocarbon potential in Iraq?
1234-
SargeluF.n
Ora F.n
Aqra F.n
Naokelekan F.n
16)Surdash anticline (Sulaimaniya) is type locality of all formations below in Iraq except:
1234-
Sargelu F.n
Sehkaniyan F.n
Gulneri F.n
Sarmord F.n
17) Who is described Khabour quartzite F.n in Iraq?
1- Wetzel 1950
2- Dunnington 1953
3- Morton 1952
18) Ammonite faunas rich in which of the following formations in Iraq?
1234-
Ora shale F.n
Shiranish F.n
Chia Gara F.n
Chia Zairi F.n
19) Thickness of the Harur limestone Formation in the type section in Iraq is:
1- 67 m
2- 36 m
3- 62 m
4- 83 m
20) Age of the Kometan Formation in Iraq is:
1234-
Aptian
Coniacian
Cenomanian
Turonian
Part-Two
Specialized Questions
Igneous Rock
1) Igneous rocks that form from magma are known as:
A) Basalt
B) Granite
C) Intrusive rocks
D) Gneiss
2)
IfthemagmathatproducedaRhyolitehadcooledbeforereachingtheEarth’ssurface,wewouldcall
ita
A.Basalt
B.Granite
C.Obsidian
D.Diorite
3) Which of the following processes will produce metamorphic rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cementation of debris
Solidification of magma
Lithification of sediment
Recrystallization of rock
4)Abasalticmagmacanbeproducedbya5-10%drypartialmeltof
A.Basalt
B.Plagioclase feldspar
C.Mantle (peridotite)
D.Diorite
Usethefollowingdiagramofthecrosssectionofavolcanotoanswerquestions 5and6.
5)Whichtypeofvolcanois showninthediagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Shield
Plateau
Lavadome
Compositecone
6)Whichofthefollowinglavas wouldmostlikelybeproducedduringaneruptionofthis volcano?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maficwithlowviscosity
Silicicwithlowviscosity
Maficwithhighviscosity
Silicicwithhighviscosity
7)Burial metamorphism,atypeofregional metamorphism,usually produces
A.Foliatedrocks
B.Faults
C.Diagenesis
D.Nonfoliated rocks
Use the following diagram to answer questions 8 to 11.
8)Which of the following processes wouldmost likelyproduce the quartz grains from the
granite?
A. Physical weathering
B. Chemical precipitation
C. Contact metamorphism
D. Magmatic Rystallization
9)The weathering of granite produces a solution of X. What is the name of a common
mineral? Which could form (precipitate) from this solution?
A. Gold
B. Mica
C. Calcite
D. Pyroxene
10)What name is given to river transportation processY?
A. Creep
B. Solution
C. Elastic rebound
D. Rolling and bouncing
11)What is the name of rockZ?
A. Chert
B. Shale
C. Breccia
D. Conglomerate
12) Which of the following is the best description of the magma that produced the
volcano shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Low viscosity with mafic composition
Low viscosity with silicic composition
High viscosity with mafic composition
High viscosity with silicic composition
13) Which of the following parameters influences the viscosity of magma?
A. Temperature of the magma
B. Oxygen content of the magma
C. Depth of the magma beneath Earth’s surface
D. Quantity of minerals in the magma
14)Agranitecontains
themineralsquartz,muscovitemica,potassium
plagioclasefeldsparwhichmineralistheeasiesttoscratch?
A.
B.
C.
D.
feldsparand
Quartz
Muscovitemica
Potassiumfeldspar
Plagioclasefeldspar
15) You discover a rock with aphanitic texture containing amphibole, biotite, and sodium
feldspar. This is
A. Gabbro
B. Granite
C. Basalt,
D. Andesite
16) An igneous rock with minerals that can be seen with the unaided eye exhibits
A. Porphyritic texture
B. Phaneritic texture
C. Pyroclastic texture
D. Visible texture
17)
Rocksthat
showevidenceofhighductile
foliated,andcontainporphyroclastsare referredtoas:
strain,arewell-
A.Breccias
B.Mylonites
C.Cataclasites
D.Gouges
18) Plutonic igneous rocks always have
A. Olivine, calcium feldspar, pyroxene
B. Phaneritic texture
C. Quartz, muscovite, potassium feldspar
19) Explosive volcanoes always have
A. Relatively low silica magmas
B. Relatively low volatile contents
C. Relatively high temperature magmas
D. Relatively low viscosity magmas
E. None of these
20) Name the rock sample:
A. Basalt
B. Gabbro C. Granodiorite
D. Rhyolite
21)Which of the following is the mostimportant factor in determining the mineral
Composition of the metamorphic rock marble?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The pressure at which it formed
The temperature at which it formed
The density of the original parent rock
The chemical composition of the original parent rock
22) What term is used to describe the parallel alignment of minerals in schist?
A.Graded bedding
B.Sedimentary layering
C. Metamorphic foliation
D. Regional metamorphism
Use your knowledge of Bowen’s Reaction Series and igneous rock classification to
complete the table below:
SILICA
CONTENT
MINERAL
COMPOSITION
PHANERITIC
TEXTURE
APHANITIC
TEXTURE
HIGH
23
24
25
INTERMEDIATE
26
27
28
LOW
29
30
31
23) A) gabbro, basalt, granite, B) sodium feldspar, pyroxene, muscovite, C) muscovite, quartz,
potassium feldspar, D) olivine, pyroxene, calcium feldspar, E) none of these.
24) A) gabbro, B) diorite, c) granite, D) basalt, E) andesite.
25)a) Rhyolite, B) gabbro, C) granite, D) basalt, e) diorite.
26) A) olivine, calcium feldspar, pyroxene, B) calcium feldspar, sodium feldspar, potassium
feldspar, C) quartz, granite, muscovite, D) pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, E) hornblende, biotite,
sodium feldspar.
27) A) andesite, B) Rhyolite, c) granite, D) basalt,E) diorite.
28)A) andesite, B) Rhyolite, C) granite, D) basalt, E) diorite.
29) A) quartz, biotite, olivine, B) olivine, quartz, sodium feldspar, C) quartz, muscovite,
potassium feldspar, D) quartz, pyroxene, sodium feldspar, E) none of these.
30)A) gabbro, B) Rhyolite, C) granite, D) basalt, E) diorite.
31) A) gabbro, B) Rhyolite, C) granite, D) basalt, E) diorite.
32)
Aphaneriticigneousrockcomposedoforthoclase,oligoclase,biotite,hornblende,andquart
zis:
A.Monzonite
B.Syenite
C.Latite
D. Granodiorite
33) The principal agents of metamorphism are
A. heat and chemical composition
B. Texture and composition
C. Pressure and texture
D. Heat and pressure
34) Which of the following lists is arranged in order from lowest to highest grade of
metamorphic rock?
A) Gneiss, slate, schist, phyllite
B) Gneiss, schist, phyllite, slate
C) Slate, gneiss, phyllite, schist
D) Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
E) Phyllite, gneiss, slate, schist
35) Volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries generally produce
A) Basalt
B) Rhyolite
C) Granite
D) Andesite
E) Diorite
36) What type of igneous rock forms most of the Earth’s oceanic crust?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basalt
Granite
Breccia
Andesite
37)Whichofthefollowingprocesses is associatedwiththeformationofhydrothermalmineral
depositsinoceaniccrust?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Magmaticassimilationinbatholiths
Seawaterevaporationinoceanbasins
Hotwaterconvectionat sea floorrifts
Contactmetamorphismaroundplutons
38) Which of the following graphics below best illustrates an intrusive igneous rock?
39) You finda rock that hasa fine-grained composition. Looking at it carefully, you see what
appear to be clam shell fragments in it.This rock is most likely:
A. Intrusive igneous
B. Extrusive igneous
C. Sedimentary
D. Metamorphic
40) For magma to become lava, it has to:
A. Come to the Earth’s surface
B. Lose some of its gases
C.Lithify (cool and harden)
D. Be subjected to intense pressure andheat fora long period of time.
Questions41 refer to the diagram below which shows an underground series of igneous
bodies, labeled A, B, C, and D.
41) Which of these intrusions would be described asa sill?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D.D
42) Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and contains the minerals potassium feldspar
andQuartz?
(A) Andesite
(B) Pumice
(C) Pegmatite
(D) Scoria
43) Which diagram represents a landscape where fine-grained igneous bedrock is found?
44)A volcano which is composed of lava flows and pyroclastic material and which is steepsided and very tall is known as:
A) Syncline
B) Composite cone
C) Anticline
D) None of these
45) The solidified lava of a volcano belongs to which rock family? Is it:
A) Igneous
B) Metamorphic
C) Sedimentary
D) Fossilized
46) In geological studies, a dome shaped intrusion is called a:
A) Volcanic neck
B) Laccolith
C) Nuee ardent
D) Caldera
47) A type of volcano composed of mainly pyroclastics is termed:
A) Cinder cone
B) Shield cone
C) Composite cone
D) None of these
48) Molten rock beneath the Earth's crust is called:
A) Magma
B) Liquicite
C) Lava
D) Igneous
49)An igneous rock which is commonly black, has a glassy texture, and has a conchoidal
fracture is which of the following?
A) Pelite
B) Calcite
C) Obsidian
D) None of the above
50) A specialized form of concordant igneous intrusion that is characterized by a dome in
the country rock and a nearly planar floor is called a:
A) Lopolith
B) Laccolith
C) Batholith
D) Stock
51)The most common mineral found in igneous rock is:
A) Feldspar
B) Olivine
C) Muscovite
D) Fluorite
52) The metamorphic rock which forms from pure limestone is:
A) Slate
B) Gneiss
C) Schist
D) Marble
53) Which coal is considered a metamorphic rock?
A) Anthracite coal
B) Bituminous coal
C) Lignite coal
D) All of these
54) In geological studies, cemented volcanic ash is called:
A) Caldera
B) A-a
C) Lava
D) Tuff
55) The core of the earth is thought to be composed of which of the following?
A) Basalt and granite
B) Compressed gases
C) Uranium and lead
D) Iron and nickel
Sedimentary & Stratigraphy
1) Carbonic acid is extremely active in the chemical weathering of:
A) Feldspar
B) Quartz
C) Carbon
D) Quartzite
2) When shale weathers, it forms mostly:
A) Clay
B) Quartz
C) Soluble carbonates
D) Slate
3) A rock composed of cemented sand and gravel is:
A) Shale
B) Conglomerate
C) Granite
D) Marble
4) Of the following, the rock that is most resistant to both chemical andmechanical
weathering is:
A) Shale
B) Limestone
C) Marble
D) Quartzite
5) Geologist James Hutton’sconceptofhowEarth’s physicalfeatures havechangedis called
uniformitarianism.
Accordingtothisconcept,whichofthefollowingexplainshowthese
changeshaveoccurred?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Suddencatastrophes
Hardeningoftheearth’scrust
Eruptions ofancientvolcanoes
Naturalforces whichcontinuetohappen
Usethefollowingcrosssectiontoanswerquestions 6 to10.
6)Whatnamewouldbegiventotheigneous structureatR?
A. Sill
B. Dike
C. Stock
D. Lava flow
7)Which of the following is true from oldest to youngest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sedimentary Rx, limestone, igneous Rx. gypsum, shale
Igneous Rx, sedimentary Rx. Limestone,gypsum,shale
Sedimentary Rx, igneous Rx,Limestone,gypsum,shale
Igneous Rx, limestone, sedimentary Rx, gypsum,shale
8)TherockatRiscomposedmostlyofdarkferromagnesiansandplagioclase
withalittlePotassiumfeldsparandquartz.Nametherock.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basalt
Diorite
Granite
Rhyolite
9)Whattypeofmaterialcomposes unitU?
A.Clastic
B.Organic
C.Igneous
D.Evaporate
10)TherockatVislimestone.WhatistherockatW?
A.Schist
B. Gneiss
C.Marble
D. Quartzite
feldspar,
Baseyouranswerstoquestions11through13ontheblockdiagramsoffourrockoutcrops,A,B,C,a
ndD,
Locatedwithin15kilometersof eachother.Therocklayershavenotbeenoverturned.
11)WhentherocklayersatoutcropsA,B,C,andD,a r e correlated,
wouldbedeterminedtobetheoldest?
whichrocklayer
A.Quartzite
B.Gneiss
C.Marble
D.Sandstone
12)
WhentherocklayersatoutcropsA,B,C,andDarecorrelated,
wouldbedeterminedtobetheyoungest?
A.S h a l e
B.Gneiss
C.Sandstone
D.Marble
13)Bywhichprocesswasthequartziteformed?
A.Depositionof clastic sediment
B.Metamorphism ofsandstone
C,Precipitationfromseawater
D.Cementation of shells
whichrocklayer
14)Which of the following sediments shows the best sorting?
A.
B.
D.
C.
Use the following electron micrograph of sand grains to answer question 15.
Y
W
X
Z
15) Which sand grain hasmost likely travelled the greatest distance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W
X
Y
Z
Use the following list of processes to answer question 16.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cooling of granite
Melting of sediment
Weathering of granite
Lithification of sediment
Recrystallization of granite
Transportation of sediment
16)Which of the following gives the correct order for the complete formation of a
sedimentary rock?
A.
5, 2, 1
B.
3, 6, 4
C.
4, 5, 2
D.
1, 3, 6
17)Which of the following sediments could be lithified to produce a biochemical
sedimentary rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Desert sands
Glacial outwash
Landslide deposits
Microorganism skeletons
18)Fourquartzsamplesofequalsizeandshapewereplacedinastream.
Whichofthefourquartzsamples
belowhasmostlikelybeentransported
farthestinthestream?
ABCD
19) Whichofthefollowingisnota goodindicatorofdepositionaltopandbottom?
A.Flutecasts
B.Graptoliteorientation
C.Gradedbedding
D.Mudcracks
20)What are the 3 major environments of deposition?
A. Lakes, rivers, ocean
B. Swamps, beaches, marine shelves
C. Marine, continental, transitional
D. Shelf edge, slope, abyssal seafloor
21)A fault is always younger than the rock it cuts through" defines the:
A. Principle of Fossil Succession
B. Principle of Original Horizontality
C. Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships
D.PrincipleofLateralContinuity
22) Which of the following sedimentary structures can give information aboutCurrent
direction at the time the sediment was deposited?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Varves
Mud cracks
Cross bedding
Graded bedding
23)
Whatgroupofcommonlyoccurringsedimentarydepositsformsbyprecipitationofsaltsfro
mland- lockedbodiesofconcentratedsolutionsorbrines?
A.Sulfuricsedimentaryrocks
B.Organicsedimentaryrocks
C.Evaporiticsedimentaryrocks
D. Phosphaticsedimentaryrocks
24) Which of the following is a class of rocks?
A. Sedimentary rocks
B. Igneous rocks
C. Metamorphic rocks
D. All of these are classes of rocks.
25) The process whereby rocks are changed to sediment is called
A. Lithification
B. Deposition
C. weathering
D. Compaction
E) Solidification.
26) A sedimentary rock composed of rounded particles of gravel is
A. Breccia
B. Sandstone
C.Particle stone
D. Gravelstone
E. Conglomerate.
27) A sedimentary rock composed of angular particles of sand is called
A) Sandstone
B) Conglomerate
C) Breccia
D) Siltstone
28) Sedimentary particles with a size range larger than 256mm
A. Pebbles
B. Silt
C. Sand
D. Boulders
29) A layer in which the grain size becomes smaller vertically through the layer is called
A. Foliated
B. Graded bedding
C. Cross-bedded
D. Is not observed in nature
30) Mud cracks preserved in sedimentary rocks
A. Are indicative of arid environments characterized by occasional rain
B. Occur only in rain forests
C. Occur whenever plants germinate in rocks
D. Have never been observed in nature
31) Sedimentary rocks provide clues about
A. Earth surface conditions at the time the sediment formed
B. Temperate climates
C. Tropical climates
D. Polar climates
E. All of these
32) Cross-bedding observed in river sand can be used
A. To determine the direction the water was flowing
B. To determine the speed of the river
C. Determine the height of the waves in the river
D. To determine the temperature at the time the ripples formed
E. None of these
33) As one goes deeper beneath Earth’s surface,
A. Pressure increases
B. Temperature increases
C. Rocks become denser
D. The mechanical behavior of rocks changes
E. All of these.
34) A sedimentary rock composed of clay-sized particles is called:
A. Siltstone
B. Shale
C. Breccia
D. Diatomaceous earth
E. None of these
Usethefollowinggeologicalblockdiagramtoanswerquestions35 to36
35)Whichofthefollowingprinciplescanbest
beusedtodeterminetheageofthegraniterelativetothesedimentaryrocklayers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Superposition
Faunal succession
Originalhorizontality
Cross-cutting relations
36)Whichofthefollowingis theyoungestsedimentaryrocklayershowninthe blockdiagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coal
Shale
Limestone
Sandstone
Questions37-41 refer to the diagram below:
37) Which processes would form the rock type represented by circle B?
A. Deposition and compaction
B. Weathering and erosion
C. Melting and solidification
D. Folding and faulting
38) Which of the following rocks could be found in Circle C?
A. Marble
B. Basalt
C. Shale
D. Diorite
39) Which rocks could be represented by circles x, y, and z?
A. Sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone
B. Coal, slate, schist
C. Breccia, gneiss, Rhyolite
D. a’ a, pahoehoe, Pyroclastic
40) The classification of rocks into the categories Sedimentary vs. Non-sedimentary is based
primarily on the rocks’
A. Origin
B. Density
C. Color
D. Age
41) Which of the following rock-forming processes would be exemplified in Circle A?
A. Pressure
B. Melting
C. Burial
D. Evaporation
Geological columns at widely separated locations.
Note: each layer within a column represents a different unit of geologic time (epoch or
period). Use this diagram to answer questions 42 to 44
42)What is the oldest layer shown in any of the Columns I, II or III?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Glacial till
Tan limestone
Grey limestone
Brown sandstone
43) Which of the following ismost likely represented by the wavy line at the base of
the green shale in Column II?
A
B.
C.
D.
Joint
Varve
Thrust fault
Erosion surface
44)How do we recognize transgressive facies?
A. When marine facies overly nonmarine facies.
B. When terrestrial facies overly marine facies.
C. By the presence of plant fossils.
D. By the presence of beach deposits.
Usethefollowingcross-sectionaldiagramtoanswerquestions45and46.
1 cm
45)Whatnameisgiventothesedimentarystructure showninthediagramabove?
A.
Mudcracks B.
Ripplemarks C.
CrossbeddingD.
Gradedbedding
46)Whatchangesinstreamconditions causedthedepositionoftheparticlesinthesediment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Anincreaseingradient
Adecreasein streamwidth
Adecreasein streamvelocity
Anincreaseinwatertemperature
47)Whichofthefollowing features
formed fromwind-blownsands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mudparticles
Gabbropebbles
Bivalveburrows
Roundedquartzgrains
wouldmostlikelybefoundinasandstonelayerifitwas
Use the following diagram to answer question 48.
Order the table below
Use the diagram below to answer questions49to53.
49) Where would metamorphic rock most likely is found?
A. A
B. B
C. D
D.E
50) Which rock unit is the youngest one pictured in this cross-section?
A. A
B. C
C. D
D.E
51) What is indicated by the feature labeled “D?”
A. Nonconformity
B.Reverse fault
C.Disconformities
D.Normal fault
52) How would you best characterize the feature labeled “C?”
A. It isa discordant pluton
B. It isa normal fault
C. It isa concordant pluton
D. It isa reverse fault.
53) Which sedimentary rock layer is the oldest one shown in this cross-section?
A. Sandstone
B. Limestone
C. Shale
54) How do time-stratigraphic units differ from time units?
A. They are not different as they are the same thing.
B. Time-stratigraphic units are divided into intervals of periods or epochs.
C. Time-stratigraphic units are of unknown length, whereas time units are always measured
in years.
D. Time-stratigraphic units are represented by actual rocks
55) Dolostone is classified as which type of rock?
(A) Land-derived sedimentary rock
(B) Chemically formed sedimentary rock
(C) Foliated metamorphic rock
(D) Nonfoliated metamorphic rock
Base your answers to questions 56 through 59 on the cross sections of three rock outcrops,
A, B, and C. Line XY represents a fault. Overturning has not occurred in the rock
outcrops.
56) The volcanic ash layer is considered a good time marker for correlating rocks because
The volcanic ash layer
(A) Has a dark color
(B) Lacks fossils
(C) Can be dated using carbon-14
(D) Was rapidly deposited over a wide area
57) Which sedimentary rock shown in the outcrops is the youngest?
(A) Black shale
(B) Tan siltstone
(C) Conglomerate
(D) Brown sandstone
58) What is the youngest geologic feature in the three bottom layers of outcrop C?
(A) Fault
(B) Unconformity
(C) Igneous intrusion
(D) Zone of contact metamorphism
59) Which processes were primarily responsible for the formation of most of the rock
inOutcrop A?
(A) Melting and solidification
(B) Compaction and cementation
(C) Heating and compression
(D) Weathering and erosion
60) Choose suitable answer to the following sedimentary features
Number
Sedimentary feature
Suitable answer
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
.
2
3
4
5
cone in cone structure
stromatolite
footprints
sole marks
cross beds
Structural Geology & Remote sensing
1)
Anaerial photographtakenwitha camerahavinga focallengthof6inchesflying
10,000feet above thedatumhasa scale of:
A.1:10,000
B.1:20,000
C.1inch=10,000feet
D. Scale cannotbedeterminedfromthedatagiven.
2) Theterm"growthfault"meanswhichofthefollowing?
A.Anynormalfaultassociatedwithsedimentaryrocks
B.A faultradiatingfroma largerfault
C.A
sedimentaryrocksequenceformedcontemporaneouslyandcontinuouslywithdeposition
D. Thrustfaultswhosedisplacementhasgrownthroughtime
Usethefollowingmaptoanswerquestions3and4.
3)Whichofthefollowingdescribes thestrikeanddipofthe fault?
Strike
Dip
A.north-south
west
B.north-south
east
C. east-west
north
D. east-west
south
4)Whattypeoffoldisvisibleonthemap?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Plungingsyncline
Plunginganticline
Non-plunging syncline
Non-plunginganticline
faultina
Usethefollowingcrosssectiontoanswerquestion5.
5)Whichofthelabeled featuresabove representsajoint?
A.W
B.X
C.Y
D.Z
Usethefollowingphotographandgeologiccrosssectionofatypicalmountain
intheRockyMountains toanswerquestions 6and7.
6)Whattypeoffaultis shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thrust
Normal
Strikeslip
Transforms
7)Whattypeofforcecreatedthe fault?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Shear
Tensional
Gravitational
Compression
8)What process gradually releases energy along a fault?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Creep
Dilatancy
Deformation
Elastic rebound
9)Which of the following block diagramsbest illustrates a thrust fault?
A.
C.
B.
D.
Use the following block diagram to answer questions 10 and 11.
10) The hanging wall has moved down. What is the type of fault?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Joint
Normal
Reverse
Strike-slip
11) What type of forces would have created a fault of this type?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Shear
Tensional
Confining
Compressional
Use the following geological map to answer questions 12 to 13.
12)What is the geological structure that lies between II and III?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dome
Syncline
Anticline
Unconformity
13) Which structural symbol should be placed atX in order to show the strike and dip
of the strata?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Use the following photograph of features on Mercury to answer question 14.
14)Which of the labelled features is the oldest?
A.Fault
B.Basalt flow
C.Small crater
D. Large crater
15) In geological studies, a fault in the earth's surface in which the hanging wall has
moved UP relative to the footwall is termed:
A) Over thrust fault
B) Reverse fault
C) Tear fault
D) None of these
16) In geological studies, a fault in the earth's surface along which primarily horizontal
movement has taken place is termed:
A) Over thrust fault
B) Strike-slip fault
C) Reverse fault
D) None of the above
17) In studies of the surface of the earth, a reverse fault having a dip between 10 and
45 degrees is known as a:
A) Thrust fault
B) Normal fault
C Strike-slip fault
D) Neither of these
18) In geological studies, a fracture in the earth's surface along which movement has
taken place is termed:
A) Tension fracture
B) Gash fracture
C) Fault
D) None of these
19)In geological studies, a fault in the earth's surface in which the hanging wall has
moved down relative to the footwall is termed:
A) Normal fault
B) Reverse fault
C) Up thrust fault
D) None of these
20) In geological studies, a reverse fault having a di less than 10 degrees is known as
which of the following types of faults.
A) Normal
B) Overthrust
C) Strike-slip
D) None of the above.
Mineralogy & Crystallography
1) Most cave deposits form from which of the following minerals?
A) Hematite
B) Calcite
C) Quartz
D) None of these
2)The internal structure of crystals was first studied with which of the following?
A) X-rays
B) Isotopes
C) Electron microscopes
D) Lasers
3) Which of the following reasons explains why quartz cannot be identified by its color
alone?
A) Its color is too faint.
B) It has no color.
C) It exists in a variety of colors.
D) Its color fades.
4) Which of the following minerals is a source of lead?
A) Bauxite
B) Hematite
C) Malachite
D) Galena
5)What mineral is the densest?
A) Hematite
B) Cinnabar
C) Marcasite
D) Rhodochrosite
6) Orthoclase is what number on Moh's hardness scale?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
7) Which of the following is the chemical formula for pyrite?
A) CaCO3
B) CaMgSO4
C) FeCO3
D) FeS2
8) The nickname, "Fool's Gold," refers to which of the following?
A) Calcite
B) Apatite
C) Fluorite
D) Pyrite
9) Which of the following is the only element which from the sea? Is it:
A) Copper
B) Magnesium
C) Uranium
D) Zinc
10) The chemical union of iron, oxygen and water forms
A) Magnetite
B) Hematite
C) Limonite
D) Pyrite
11) Give the term that describes different crystalline modifications of the same
chemical substance. Is it:
A) Polymorphism
B) Isomorphism
C) Tetrahedral
D) Perovskite
12) Fluorite is what number on Moh's hardness scale?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
13) Apatite is what number on Moh's hardness scale?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
14)Hematite is a primary ore of which of the following metals?
A) Zinc
B) Tungsten
C) Iron
D) None of the above
15) Galena is a primary ore of which of the following metals?
A) Zinc
B) Tungsten
C) Lead
D) Silver
16) Sphalerite is a primary ore of which of the following metals?
A) Zinc
B) Tin
C) Copper
D) Iron
17) Which of the following minerals is a source of copper?
A) Bauxite
B) Hematite
C) Malachite
D) Galena
18) Which of the following terms is used to describe the appearance of a mineral in
transmitted light? Is it:
A) Diaphaneity
B) Translucence
C) Opaqueness
D) Porosity
19) In geological studies, arkose contains which of the following minerals which gives it
a reddish color?
A) Orthoclase
B) Calcite
C) Aragonite
D) Quartz
20) Which one of the following minerals does not contain silica tetrahedrons?
A) Quartz
B) Muscovite
C) Halite
D) Orthoclase
21) Which of the following minerals is noted for its one perfect cleavage?
A) Calcite
B) Muscovite
C) Quartz
D) Pyrite
22) Which of the following gases is given off in the acid test of a carbonate mineral?
A) Chlorine
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Sulfur dioxide
23) Fine parallel lines, or striations, are most likely to be seen on a cleavage surface of
which of the following minerals?
A) Quartz
B) Orthoclase
C) Hornblende
D) Plagioclase
24)Which of the following minerals is not a silicate?
A) Orthoclase
B) Muscovite
C) Augite
D) Magnetite
25) Which of the following pairs contains one igneous and one sedimentary rock?
A) Shale and marble
B) Sandstone and quartzite
C) Granite and limestone
D) Obsidian and gneiss
26) Which of these pairs of minerals are always found in granites?
A) Muscovite and calcite
B) Quartz and orthoclase
C) Hornblende and talc
D) Augite and magnetite
27) An example of a rock whose minerals have been crushed into thin sheets or bands
is:
A) Shale
B) Schist
C) Conglomerate
D) Granite
28) The hydrolysis of orthoclase results in the formation of:
A) Shale
B) Kaolin
C) Lime
D) Hydrochloric acid
29) This sedimentary rock was used to build the Pantheon and the Colossium:
A) Marble
B) Travertine
C) Sandstone
D) Ironstone
30) Which of the following materials is the hardest?
A) Calcite
B) Silicon carbide
C) Topaz
D) Quartz
31) The mineral halite is:
A) Potassium chloride
B) Sodium chloride
C) Calcium chloride
D) Calcium bromide
32)What is the name of the white clay which has been used for thousands of years in
the fabrication of ceramic bodies? Is it:
A) Talc
B) Kaolin
C) Feldspar
D) Quartz
33) An agate is a form of what mineral?
A) Magnetite
B) Feldspar
C) Quartz
D) Copper
34)Which of the following properties can best be used to distinguish between calcite
and halite?
A. Streak
B. Hardness
C.Magnetism
D. Reaction with acid
35)Whichmineral has the highest concentration ofsilicon?
A.Hematite
B. Plagioclasefeldspar
C.Olivine
D.Pyroxene
36) Which of the following minerals can scratch a wire nail but not a steel knife?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Quartz
Calcite
Apatite
Fluorite
37) Which of the following is a physical property of minerals?
A. Breakage
B. Luster
C. Roughness
D. Roundness
38) Predictionofswellingpotentialinsoilispossibleusingwhichofthefollowing?
A.Grainsize
B.Organiccontentofthesoil
C.Atterberglimits
D. Color
39) Apathfinderelement usedinexplorationforgolddepositsis:
A. Cobalt
B.Selenium
C.Arsenic
D.Aluminum
Use the following mineral crystals table to answer question 40 and 41
40)WhichmineralpropertyisvisibleincrystalsXandZbutnotvisibleincrystalY?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Luster
Fracture
Cleavage
Crystalform
41)Whichofthefollowingshows thecorrectidentities ofthemineralsX,YandZ?
X
Y
Z
A.
galena
pyrite
fluorite
B.
fluorite
pyrite
galena
C.
pyrite
galena
fluorite
D.
galena
fluorite
pyrite
42)Whichofthefollowingarecomplexions?
A.NaCl
B.H2O
C.(Mg, Fe)2SiO4
D.CO2
43) Whichoneofthefollowingmineralsdoesnotbelongtothecarbonatemineralgroup?
A.Barite
B.Aragonite
C.Rhodochrosite
D.Smithsonite
44)Themineral
specimenshowninthephotographcanbescratchedbyacopperpenny
andfizzesinacid.Whatmineralisit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Halite
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
45)Which of the following pairs of descriptions is true about galena?
Material of economic
value obtained from
galena
A use for material
obtained from galena
A
copper
pipes and wires
B
lead
fibre-optic lines
C
copper
rust-proofing car bodies
D
lead
car batteries
46) Which of the following pairs of minerals is commonly found in an evaporite
deposit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bornite and pyrite
Hematite and halite
Calcite and gypsum
Magnetite and fluorite
47) Whichoneofthefollowingmineralsdissolvesintosolubleionswithoutresidue?
A.Kaolinite
B.Pyrite
C.Selenite
D.Orthoclase
48)Whichofthefollowingeconomicmineralsis
commonlyconcentratedbyevaporation ofalakeorsea?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Galena
Gypsum
Molybdenite
Chalcopyrite
49)Whichofthefollowingis anoremineralthatisanimportant sourceof zinc?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Garnet
Quartz
Calcite
Sphalerite
50) Which one of the following descriptors concerning minerals isnottrue?
A. Solid
B. Definite chemical structure
C. Organic
D. Formed of atoms
51) In what way are diamond and graphite different from one another?
A. Graphite isa mineral, but diamond isa rock;
B. Diamond can scratch any other substance, while graphite can be scratched by many other
substances;
C. Diamondhasa black “streak” but graphite hasa white “streak;
D. Diamond and graphite have different chemical compositions.
52)The most abundant elements found in Earth’s crust are silicon and oxygen.It is no
surprise, therefore, that the most common mineral group is the:
A. Carbonates
B.Oxides
C. Native metals
D. Silicates
53) The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals.
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because
(A) Light reflects from crystal surfaces
(B) Energy is released during crystallization
(C) Of impurities that produce surface variations
(D) Of the internal arrangement of the atoms
Geotectonic & Earth history
1) Which of the following causes the oblate spheroid shape of the earth?
A) The earth's magnetism
B) The earth's gravity
C) The earth's rotation
D) The moon's tidal pull
2)Which one of these is not true?
A) All planets revolve in the same direction.
B) All planets rotate in the same direction.
C) The orbits of the planets are all ellipses.
D) The orbits of the planets are nearly in the same plane.
3) Most earthquakes originate at depths of between
A) The surface and 100 kilometers
B) 100 kilometers and 500 kilometers
C) 500 kilometers and 700 kilometers
D) 700 kilometers and the outer core
4) The longest era was the
A) Mesozoic
B) Precambrian
C) Cenozoic
D) Paleozoic
5) The oldest rocks that contain abundant fossils are:
A) Precambrian
B) Paleozoic
C) Mesozoic
D) Cenozoic
6) Which of the following names is given to the supercontinent thought to have existed
in the Cambrian period? Is it:
A) Pangaea
B) Afrasia
C) Gondwanaland
D) Europia
7)Which of the following time periods includes part of the geologic range of dinosaurs?
A) Mississippian
B) Devonian
C) Jurassic
D) None of the above
8) The emergence of land plants is generally accepted as occurring during what period
on the geologic time scale:
A) Cretaceous
B) Triassic
C) Permian
D) Silurian
9) Angiosperms developed during the:
A) Precambrian period
B) Cenozoic era
C) Paleozoic era
D) Mesozoic era
10) Of the following four geologic periods, which is the oldest?
A) Devonian
B) Silurian
C) Permian
D) Jurassic
11) Of the following four geologic periods, which is the most recent?
A) Devonian
B) Silurian
C) Triassic
D) Jurassic
12) During which period, in the earth's history, did MOST dinosaurs become extinct?
w) Carboniferous
x) Cretaceous
y) Quaternary
z) Triassic
13) The disappearance of the dinosaurs also marks the end of which geological era?
A) Precambrian
B) Cambrian
C) Mesozoic
D) Cenozoic
14)Which of the following is the name of the partly melted rock layer on which the
plates move?
A) Lithosphere
B) Asthenosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Outer core
15) Iceland has a great deal of volcanic activity. The reason for this is:
A) It was formed above a mid-ocean rift.
B) It is part of the "Ring of Fire".
C) Two tectonic plates are rubbing against each other under Iceland.
D) The American plate is diving under the European plate in this region
16) What percentage of the earth's atmosphere does O2 comprise?
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 21%
D) 32%
17) Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two
gases produced by human activities?
A) Oxygen and hydrogen
B) Ozone and methane
C) Nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide
D) Methane and carbon dioxide
18) The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is in the range of:
A) 1-10 parts per million
B) 10-100 parts per million
C) 100-1000 parts per million
D) 1000-10,000 parts per million
19)Under which of the following conditions is an earthquakemost likely to occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Slow deformation in the lithosphere
Rapid deformation in the lithosphere
Slow deformation in the asthenosphere
Rapid deformation in the asthenosphere
20) Which of the following is not among the 8 most abundant elements on Earth?
A. Hydrogen
B. Potassium
C. Iron
D. Aluminum.
21)
Thedivisionof
Earth’sgeologichistoryintounits
timecalledEons,Eras,Periods,andEpochsis basedon
A.Absolutedatingtechniques
B.Fossilevidence
C.Climaticchanges
D.Seismicdata
of
22)The most abundant element on Earth is
A. Silicon
B. Water
C. Aluminum
D. Oxygen
23) All matter in the Universe is composed of
A. molecules
B. Atoms
C. crystals
D. minerals
24) TheLaramideOrogenyoccurredduringwhatintervalsofgeologictime?
A.Permian-Triassic
B.Late Precambrian-Paleozoic
C.Late Cretaceous-Paleocene
D.Pleistocene-Holocene
Base
youranswerstoquestions25and26onthediagramofEarthshownbelow.LettersB,C,andDre
present layersofEarth. LetterQrepresentsalocationonEarth’ssurface.
25)Whatistheprobabledensityof thegraniticbedrockatQ?
(A)1.0g/cm3
(B)3.0g/cm3
(C)2.7g/cm3
(D)5.5g/cm3
26)Whichletterbestrepresents Earth’smantle?
(A)Q
(B)C
(C)B
(D)D
27)Recentdatasuggestthatmovementoflithosphericplatesmaybea resultofgravitypulling
onsubductingplates.Incontrast,whatisthetraditionalexplanationforplatemotion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Convectioncellsinthemantle
Magmacyclingintheoutercore
Rockssinkinginmantlehot spots
Differentialheatingbetweenlithosphericvolcanoes
Usethefollowingcrosssectiontoanswerquestions 28 to31.
28)WhattypeofplateboundaryislocatedatZ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Divergent
Transforms
Subduction
Convergent
29)WhatfeatureislocatedatS?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Afoldmountain
Ahot spotvolcano
Anislandarcvolcano
Amid-oceanridgevolcano
30)Atwhichlocationisthelargestmagnitudeearthquakemostlikely?
A.
B.
C.
D.
T
U
W
Y
31)Atwhichlocationwould metamorphicrockmostlikelyform?
A.
B.
C.
D.
S
T
U
Y
32)
Alongtransformplateboundaries,faultcreepmayoccurcontinuously.Whatother
geologicalprocess mayalsooccur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Largescalefolding
Largescalecrustaluplift
Manysmallearthquakes
Compositeconevolcanoes
33) Which of the following is not a mechanical layer of the Earth?
A) Lithosphere
B) Mantle
C) Inner core
D) Outer core
E) Asthenosphere.
34) The outermost mechanical layer of Earth is
A) The mantle
B) The sima
C) The sial
D) The crust
E) The lithosphere.
35) Which of the following is not a class of mechanical behavior of Earth materials?
A) Soft solids
B) Hard solids
C) Cold solids
D) Hot solids
E) None of these are mechanical behaviors of Earth materials.
36) The asthenosphere is
A) That portion of Earth where rocks behave as brittle solids
B) That portion of Earth where rocks behave as plastic solids
C) That portion of Earth where rocks behave as fluids
D) That portion of Earth where rocks can be found
E) None of these.
37) The asthenosphere is composed of
A) The crust only
B) The crust and upper mantle
C) The mantle only
D) The sial only
E) The sima only
38) The lithosphere is composed of
A) The crust and upper mantle
B) The mantle only
C) The sima
D) The sial
E) None of these.
39) The lithosphere is nearly isothermal because
A) There is convection
B) There is heat produced everywhere in the asthenosphere
C) Temperature has risen to the maximum that it can in the asthenosphere
D) Earth is a sphere
E) The lithosphere is not isothermal
40) Large magnitude damaging earthquakes occur
A) At transform plate boundaries
B) At ocean-continent convergent boundaries
C) At continent-continent convergent boundaries
D) At ocean-ocean convergent boundaries
E) All of these.
41) Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary?
A) Transform
B) Divergent
C) Convergent
D) Subductive
E) All of these are types of plate boundaries
42)Whichofthefollowingis thebestevidencethatEarth’scorecanbedividedintotwoparts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Theinner coreis coolerthantheoutercore.
Earth’smagneticfieldcomesfromtheinner core.
S-wavesslowdownas theyenterthedenserinnercore.
P-waves speedupsuddenlywhentheyentertheinnercore.
UsethefollowinglistofEarth’slayerstoanswerquestions 43and44.
Earth’slayers
atmosphere
hydrosphere(oceans)
crust
mantle
outercore
innercore
43)ThecorrectorderoftheEarth’slayersislistedabove.Whichofthefollowingpropertiesi
s mostimportantincausingthelayers tobearrangedinthisorder?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Density
Pressure
Temperature
Physical state (i.e.solid,liquidorgas)
44)Whichlayers aremainlyliquid?
A.Mantleandcrust
B.Crustandoutercore
C.Mantleandhydrosphere
D. Hydrosphereandoutercore
45) Which of the following is associated with continent-continent convergent plate
boundaries?
A) Explosive volcanism,
B) Andesite volcanism
C) Large, damaging earthquakes
D) Volcanic mountain chain
E) All of these
46) Earthquakes usually occur at
A) Convergent plate boundaries
B) Divergent plate boundaries
C) Transform plate boundaries
D) all of these.
47) An example of a transform plate boundary is
A) The Ouachita Mountains
B) The Appalachian Mountains
C) The Mid-Ocean Ridge
D) The San Andreas Fault
E) The Hawaiian Islands.
48) The island of Iceland is located on what type of plate boundary?
A) Ocean-ocean convergent boundary
B) Ocean-continent convergent boundary
C) Continent-continent convergent boundary
D) Transform boundary
E) Divergent boundary.
49)Which of the following is in correct order from oldest to youngest?
A. Paleocene, Oligocene, Eocene, Pleistocene
B. Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene
C. Miocene, Oligocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene
D. Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene, Oligocene
50Which of the following lists of geologic periods is in the correct chronological order, from
oldest to youngest?
A. Cambrian, Triassic, Silurian, Permian
B. Cretaceous, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic
C. Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Permian, Silurian
D. Devonian, Permian, Jurassic, Tertiary
51) The way that earthquake waves travel through Earth gives evidence that:
A. The inner core isa liquid
B. The outer core isa liquid
C. The inner and outer coresare liquids
D.Themantleis a liquid
52) The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by
(A) Tidal motions in the hydrosphere
(B) Density differences in the troposphere
(C) Convection currents in the asthenosphere
(D) Solidification in the lithosphere
53) Which two tectonic plates are separated by a mid-ocean ridge?
(A) Indian-Australian and Eurasian
(B) Indian-Australian and Pacific
(C) North American and South American
Geomorphology
1)Which of the following is the most important erosional and transportation agent?
A) Wind
B) Water
C) Glaciers
D) None of the above
2) Winds are classed as agents of erosion rather than of weathering because:
A) They have nothing to do with the weather
B) They carry rock particles away
C) They work only part of the time
3) Which one of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
A) The splitting of a boulder
B) The grinding of pebbles into sand
C) The cleavage of a feldspar crystal
D) The rusting of hornblende
4)Valleys formed by glaciers always have which of the following characteristics?
A) U-shaped cross sections
B) Straight courses
C) Uniform slopes
D) Bedrock floors
5)On a topographic map, lines that connect points of the same elevation are termed:
A) Benchmarks
B) Bathymetric lines
C) Contour lines
D) Isobars
6) Of the following choices, the color purple on a topographic map indicates what
surface feature?
A) Vegetation
B) Water
C) Photorevision
D) Rock formations
7) Which of the following terms is used to describe the angular difference between
TRUE north and magnetic north on a topographic map? Is it:
A) Magnetic field
B) Magnetic intensity
C) Magnetic inclination
D) Magnetic declination
8) B-horizon of a pedalfer soil is noted for its accumulation of:
A) Carbonate
B) Nitrogen
C) Humus
D) Oxides
9)Pedocal soils are usually found to have developed in:
A) Forests
B) Swamps
C) Grasslands
D) Jungles
10)The surface of a "desert pavement" is composed mainly of which of the following?
A) Loose sand
B) Sand and clay
C) Pebbles and boulders
D) Concrete and cement
11) On a topographic map, lines that indicate water depth are termed:
A) Isogonic lines
B) Bathymetric lines
C) Isopachs
D) None of these
12) A circular cavity ground out of bedrock by running water is called a:
A) Cave
B) Pothole
C) Sinkhole
D) Kettle hole
13) The deep, least productive part of a lake is called the:
A) Littoral zone
B) Profundal zone
C) Photic zone
D) Limnetic zone
14) Which of the following does NOT affect sea level change?
A) Antarctic ice sheet
B) Small glaciers and ice caps
C) Arctic sea ice
D) Greenland ice sheet
15) The curved body of water formed when a meandering river reshapes and cuts off
one of its bends is called:
A) An Essing pond
B) An Oxbow lake
C) A Swensen pool
D) A Groovy pool
16) Deposits that form when the ice in a glacier melts are called:
A) Drifts
B) Dunes
C) Veins
D) Cirques
17)Thediagrambelowshows
latitudemeasurements
degreesandlongitudemeasurements every15degrees.
North Pole
rim
X
Whatisthelatitudeandlongitudeof pointX?
A.40°S45°E
B.60°S30°W
C.50°N45°W
D.75°N30°E
18) Falling-headtestsandconstant-headtestsareusedtodeterminethe:
A. Porosityofrockorsoil
B.Safetyfactorsofcritical reservoirlevels
C.Hydrostaticpressureonliners
D. Permeabilityofrockorsoil
every
10
19) PlacingasecondblockunderlocationAwillcausethestream’svelocityto
(A)Decreaseandtherateof erosiontodecrease
(B)Decreaseandtherateof erosiontoincrease
(C)Increaseandtherateof erosiontodecrease
(D)Increaseandtherateof erosiontoincrease
20)Which of the followingbest shows the range of sediment particle sizes that can be
carried by a glacier?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W
X
Y
Z
21) AccordingtotheUnifiedSoilClassification,a soildescribedasa GWisa (an):
A.Well-gradedgravelorgravel-sandmixture,withnoorfewfines
B.Poorlygradedgravelorgravel-sandmixture,withnoorfewfines
C.Coarseclayeygravel
D. Organicsilt oflowplasticity
22)Whichofthefollowingfactorsincrease chemical weathering rates?
A.Increasedtemperature
B.Decreased temperature
C.Decreasedsurfacearea
D.Hyperventilation
23) Disappearingstreamsarenottypicallyfoundin:
A.Karstterrain
B.Glacial terrain
C.Aridregions
D.Volcanicareas
24)Which of the following cross-sectional shapes is most common for mountain streams?
A.
B.
C.
D.
25) Which of the following is a form of mechanical weathering?
A. Dissolution
B. Chemical weathering
C. Oxidation
D.None of these is a form of mechanical weathering
26) Caves form as a result of
A. Mechanical weathering of limestone,
B. Oxidation of limestone,
C. Dissolution of limestone
D. Hydrolysis of limestone
27)U-shapedvalleysandparallelgroovesinbedrock arecharacteristicsof erosionby
(A)Massmovement
(B)Waveaction
(C)Runningwater
(D)Glacialice
28)Thelandscapediagrambelowshowsafan-shaped patternof sedimentdeposits.
The f a n -shaped p a t t e r n of theses e d i m e n t s i s mostlikelytheresultof depositionby
(A)Glacialice
(B)Oceanwaves
(C)Runningwater
(D)Prevailingwinds
29) Whichofthefollowingstructures bestshows the farthestadvanceofaglacier?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lateralmoraine
Groundmoraine
Terminalmoraine
Recessionalmoraine
30)Allofthefollowing
crossbedding?
A.
B.
C.
D.
featuresareassociatedwithglaciations.Whichofthe
Horn
Esker
Cirque
Groundmoraine
Questions31-32 refer to the diagram below.
31) Which feature would be described asa “scarp?”
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
32) What type offault is illustrated in this example?
A.Transform fault
B.A strike-slip fault
C.A normal fault
33) Which of the following scenarios best describes the processoferosion?
A.A rock tumbles offa cliff, and breaks.
B.A rock is broken bya tree root growing into it.
C.A rock is carried downstream bya river system;
D.A rock dissolves in acidic rain
34) Asite locationmapmustincludescale,orientation,title, and:
A. Topographiccontours
B.Geologicunits
C.Geographicreference
D. Dipsandstrikesymbols
featuresmayshow
Paleontology
1)Accordingtothe fossilrecord, whichgroup of organismshasexistedforthegreatest lengthof time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gastropods
Mammals
Corals
Vascularplants
2)Whichstatement isbestsupported bythefossil record?
A.Fossils arefoundinnearlyallrocks.
B.Fossilsarefoundonlyinareasthatwereonce underwater.
C.Mostearlylife-formsthatleftfossilremains arenowextinct.
D.Mostearlylife-formsthatleftfossilremains stillexisttoday.
3)Theforaminiferaisthemostusefulindex(guide)fossilofthoseshown.Whatisthe reasonforthis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Itisextinct.
Itiseasilypreserved.
ItlivedduringthePaleozoicera.
Itisthemostgeographicallywidespread.
4)Whichofthefollowingorganismshas leftatracefossil?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Crinoids
Trilobite
Amphibian
Cephalopod
Use the following photograph to answer question 5.
5)When this fossil was cut in half, no trace of the original structures within the organism could be
seen. Which of the following is themost likelytype of preservation of this organism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Carbonization
Cast and mold
Permineralization
As original material
Use the following table to answer questions 6 to 9.
6)What is the name of the fossil shown below?
A.Trilobite (arthropoda)
B. Brachiopod (brachiopoda)
C.Sea urchin (echinodermata)
D. Coral (cnidaria/coelenterata)
7)Which of the following is the best index (guide) fossil for bed 2?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8)Which of the following sedimentary environments is suggested by the collection of fossils
shown below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Deep Ocean
Shallow sea
Desert oasis
Freshwater swamp
9) The geologist discovered another layer, 10 km away, which contained the following
collection of fossils.
With which of the following beds does the layer correlate?
A. Bed 2
B.Bed 3
C.Bed 4
D.Bed 5
Use the following photograph to answer question 10.
10)The photograph shows a Miocene wormtrace fossil. Which of the following statements about
the fossil is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
No part of the worm has been preserved.
Soft parts were preserved by carbonization.
Hard parts were preserved by Permineralization.
The worm has been preserved in its original form.
The diagram below represents four widely spaced outcrops
11) Which fossil appears to be the bestindexfossil?
12) The fossil archaeopteryx is the earliest known example of:
A) Mammal
B) Fish
C) Bird
D) Snake
13) Crinoids are the same as one of the following.
A) Algae
B) Sea scorpions
C) Sea lilies
D) lobe-finned fishes
Hydrology &Geochemistry
1) Which of the following processes doesn't account for an increase in atmospheric CO2 (carbon
dioxide) levels?
A) Deforestation
B) Photosynthetic processes
C) Plant respiration
D) Fossil fuel combustion
2) Certain substances are classified as water pollutants, others as air pollutants and still others as
land pollutants. Which of the following pollutes all three parts of our environment?
A) Fluorocarbons
B) Smog
C) Acid rain
D) Ozone
3) Which is true for Low-Latitude Climates?
A) Have a winter season
B) Lack a winter season
C) Are wet throughout the year
D) Are dry throughout the year
4) The Greenhouse Effect is caused primarily by which of the following processes?
A) Blocking incoming short wave solar energy
B) Absorbing incoming short wave solar energy
C) Heating of the Earth's stratosphere
D) Absorbing outgoing long wave radiation from the Earth
5) AccordingtoDarcy'sLaw:
A. Thevelocity offlowinclayishigherthaninsand.
B.Thehigherthegradient,thelowerthevelocity.
C.Thewatertableisgenerallyflatter inanareaofhightransmissivity.
D. Springflowisindependentofthehydrauliccharacteristicsoftheaquifer
6) Whichofthefollowingindicatesthehighestmeasurementofpermeability?
A.1-9millidarcy
B.10-99millidarcy
C.100-999millidarcy
D.1-2darcies
7)
WhichofthefollowingtestingtechniquesiscommonlyusedtodeterminethehydraulicConductivit
yof a shallow,low-permeabilityaquiferusinga singlewell?
A. Constantheadtest
B.Slugtest
C.Constantdischargetest
D.Surge-responsetest
8)
Perchedgroundwater:
A.Hasthesameflowcharacteristicsasthemainaquifer
B.Occursinareasofthicksandorsandstoneformations
C.Isseparatedfromtheregionalaquiferbyanunderlyingunsaturatedzone
D. Isgenerallyareliable aquiferformunicipalandindustrialproductionwells
Baseyouranswerstoquestions 9and 10onthe diagram below,whichshowsairmovement o v e r a
mountainrange.
Thearrowsindicatethedirectionofairflow.Points1through3represent
locationsonEarth’s surface.
9)Comparedtotheclimateatlocation1,theclimateatlocation3is
(A)Cooleranddrier
(C)Warmeranddrier
(B)Coolerandwetter
(D)Warmerandwetter
10)Cloudformationatlocation2isthedirectresultof airthatisrising
(A)Expandingandcooling
(C)Compressing,andcooling
(B)Expanding and warming
(D)Compressing,andwarming
Baseyouranswerstoquestions11through12onthediagramofthewatercyclebelow.LetterArepresents
aprocessinthewatercycle. PointsXandYrepresent locationsonEarth’ssurface.
11)TheprocessrepresentedbyAis
(A)Precipitation(C)Condensation
(B)Transpiration(D)Saturation
12)RainwaterwillenterthegroundatXifthegroundis
(A)Saturatedandpermeable(C)Unsaturated andpermeable
(B)Saturatedandimpermeable(D)Unsaturatedandimpermeable
13)Theamountof runoffatYwillincreaseas the
(A)Slopeof thelanddecreases
(B)Porosityof thesoilincreases
(C)Evaporationrateexceedstheinfiltrationrate
(D)Precipitationrateexceedstheinfiltrationrate
14)Whichprocessinthewatercycleisdirectlyresponsibleforcloudformation?
(A)Condensation(C)Precipitation
(B)Infiltration(D)Evaporation
Use the following cross section of a dry stream valley and the sediments that
underlie it to answer question15.
15)If gentle, continuous rain were to fall for a long period over the area shown, which of the
following would be necessary in order for the stream to start flowing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The zone of aeration must increase.
The water table must rise to the stream channel level.
The water table must fallbelow the impermeable layers.
The impermeable clay layers must divert water to the stream channel.
16) Evaporation from the ocean surface tends to:
A) Cool the ocean surface and warm the atmosphere
B) Warm the ocean surface and warm the atmosphere
C) Reduce precipitation
17) What percentage of the earth's water is fresh water?
A) 50%
B) 22%
C) 7%
D) 3%
18)The aquifer of a famous artesian formation in the Great Plains is a layer of rock called the:
A) Clinton limestone
B) Dakota sandstone
C) Pierre shale
D) Vermont marble
Geophysics
1) In geological studies, all of the following are true of P waves except that they:
A) Are body waves
B) Travel like sound waves
C) Can pass through liquids
D) Are slower than S waves
2) Thefree-airandBouguercorrectionsareappliedtowhichoneofthefollowing?
A. Gravitydata
B.Gamma-gammalogs
C.Magneticdata
D. Refractiondata
3)Which of the following shows that Earth has multiple layers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
P-waves increase velocities with depth.
P-waves disappear at a depth of about 2950 km.
P-waves show abrupt changes in velocities at certain depths.
P-wave velocities remain constant through the Earth’s centre
A question 4 refers to the diagram below.
4)What type of earthquake waves would be recorded in Zone A?
A. Primary waves only
B. Secondary wavesonly
C. Primary and secondary waves
D. Primary secondary and surface waves
5) Which of the following would be used to assess damage from an earthquake?
A. ModifiedMercalliScale
B. Richter Scale
C. Moment Magnitude Scale
D. Seismic Magnitude Scale
6)ThefirstS-wavearrivedataseismographstation 11minutesafteranearthquake occurred.
longafterthearrivalofthefirstP-wavedidthis FirstS-wavearrives?
A.3min15s
B.6min05s
C.4min55s
D.9min00s
7) We know that the Outer core is liquid because:
A) P waves pass through it
B) S waves pass through it
C) P waves cannot pass through it
D) S waves cannot pass through it
Petroleum Geology
How
1)AnXmarksthelocationofapossibleoiltrapineachcrosssection.
Whichofthefollowinglocationsis leastlikelytoactasatrapforoilandgas?
2)Which physical phenomenon or principle is most often applied in the search for petroleum
reservoirs?
A) Gravitational attraction
B) Magnetic field distortions
C) Natural radioactive decay of minerals
D) Acoustic wave transmission and reflection
3)Coal is believed to have been principally formed in which of the following types of
environment?
A) River beds
B) Swamps
C) Volcanic regions
D) Deserts
4)
Bottom-holereservoirpressurecanbederivedby whichofthefollowing?
A) Theamountofgasrecordedonthechromatographafterpullingthedrill-pipeoutoftheholeand
returningto bottom
B)Theamountofsolidcuttingssuspendedinthedrillingmudsystem
C)drill-stemtestshut-inpressuremeasurements
D)Thediameterofthedrillhole
Use the following cross-sectional diagram to answer question 5.
5)If 5 meters of movement occurred along A-B, what type of fault wouldmost likelycreate a trap
for hydrocarbons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thrust
Normal
Reverse
Strike slip fault
Use this block diagram to answer question 6
6) Type of Trap in area No. 3
A)
B)
C)
D)
Channel
Pinch out
Reef
Lens
7) Type of porosity in the figure below
A)
B)
C)
D)
Moldic
Fracture
Vuggy
Fenestral
8) Vitrinite rich rock tend to be generation
A)
B)
C)
D)
Oil prone
Gas prone
Mixed oil-gas prone
No generation
9) Which type of kerogen the ratio of H/C more than the ratio O/C?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
End of the questions
By:Wrya J. Jabbar