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History 10a Midterm Examination Review Sheet Monday October 31, 2005 Review Sheet Part I: IDs (45 Points): You will be asked to identify 9 of the terms listed below. No term not on this list will be included. In general a good response will place the term as accurately as possible in its temporal and geographical context as well as address its significance. Note: Answer these BRIEFLY, in two or three sentences. Do NOT write mini-essays on them or you will not have time to do a good job on the essay question. E.g.: Socrates: Athenian philosopher, 5th century BCE; eventually tried and executed (399 BCE) on charges of questioning the Athenian gods and misleading youth. Left none of his own writings yet was a significant influence on Plato’s philosophy and played a central role in Plato’s dialogues. Used a dialogical method of inquiry (elenchus) to explore moral concepts such as justice. Part II: Map Identifcation (5 Points) You will be asked to place 5 location-IDs on a map provided. Part III: Essay (50 points) One of the following questions will appear on the exam. You should illustrate your points with examples drawn particularly from the primary and, if possible, secondary sources. 1. Discuss the development of the Greek polis. How does it differ from the political societies that preceded it in Greece and the Middle East? 2. Compare the causes and consequences of the empires acquired by the fifth-century Athenians and the Romans during the Republic. 3. In the eyes of the ancient writers we have read, what were the strengths and weaknesses of Greek democracy (as practiced in Athens, for example) and the Roman Republic? Were these writers right? 4. Discuss ways in which early Christianity was a rejection of the values of the Roman Empire, and ways in which it conformed with them. Which was more important in the rise of Christianity (up to 312 AD). LIST OF TERMS Early Greece and the Near East Mesopotamia (Tigris & Euphrates rivers) Egypt (Nile river) pharaoh pictographic writing systems Minoan Crete Knossos Homer Mycenae; Mycenaean Greece (c. 1600-1200 BC) linear B Greek “Dark Age” (c. 1200-800 BC) polis colonization Phoenicians alphabet Archaic Age (c. 800-500 BC) Society & Culture in the Athenian Classical Age Delian League Athenian Empire Pericles Ionia Plato Aristotle Sophists Socrates Herodotus Thucydides Tragedy: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides Aristophanes Acropolis Parthenon (Athena) Phidias Politics and War in the Greek Polis Homer Hesiod oligarchy tyranny hoplite phalanx Sparta Lycurgus helots demokratia Chios Megara Cyrene Athens Cleisthenes assembly Persian Wars (Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataea) Alexander the Great and the Creation of the Hellenistic World Peloponnesian War (431-404): Athens’ Sicilian Expedition Thebes Macedonia Philip (ruled 359-336) Demosthenes Chaeronea (338) Alexander the Great (ruled 336-323) Gaugamela (331) Hellenistic Greece Ptolemies (Egypt) Seleucids (western Asia) Antigonids (Macedonia) Pergamon Alexandria The Rise of Rome Romulus and Remus (found Rome in 753 BC) Latins Etruscans Roman Republic (509 – 27 BC): Senate; consuls; assemblies. [Polybius critiques constitution.] “Struggle of the Orders” (to 287 BC): patricians and plebeians Twelve Tables legion pietas, religio, evocatio Carthage: Punic Wars (x3), Hannibal (2nd Punic War, 218-201 BC) From Republic to Principate dictator first triumvirate (Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus) second triumvirate (Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus) Cleopatra Actium 31 BC Augustus Caesar (27 BC - 14 AD) (principate) Livy Aeneid of Virgil Julio-Claudian emperors, 14 - 68 AD (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero) Roman Empire Flavian dynasty, 69 - 96 AD (Vespasian, Titus, Domitian) Antonine period 96 - 193 AD (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus) Pax Romana Romanization honor (= honos) dignitas “Crisis of the Third Century” Diocletian, 284 – 305 AD tetrarchy Late Rome & Early Christianity Diocletian (r. 284-306) Constantine (r. 306-337) Mystery Religions Mithras, Isis Neo-Platonism Plotinus (205-270) Perpetua (d. 203) St. Paul (d. 64 or 67) Celsus (2nd century CE) Milvian (or Mulvian) Bridge Constantinople Theodosius I (emperor, d. 395) Nicene Creed The Fall of Rome Alaric Foederati = “allies” Huns Goths Danube Valens (c. 328-378) Battle of Adrianople (378) Visigoths (west Goths) Ostrogoths (east Goths) Theoderic (493-526) Franks Romanitas = “Roman-ness Henri Pirenne (1862-1935) Bubonic Plague Alexandria (541)