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Specialized Cells, Tissues and Organs Section 2.5 p. 120-125 Section 1.3 p. 93-96 Learning Outcome examine plant and animal structures; and identify contributing roles of cells, tissues and organs Role of the Cell Individual Cells are limited in the size they become -The processes of Osmosis and Diffusion are only effective over small distances In order to ensure the survival of the species (unicellular or multicellular), cells must reproduce -This is done by creating a copy of the genetic information, and then dividing into two smaller identical copies -This occurs with all of your body cells, but depending on the type of cell will occur at different rates (epithelial cells need to reproduce at a rate fast enough to replenish the 50,000,000 skin cells you lose everyday) Multicellular Organisms and Specialized Cells -Although all cells in an organism contain the same genetic information, they display different traits, based on their function in the organism (skin cell vs. muscle cell -Red Blood Cells: function is to carry Oxygen to the cells, and remove CO2 waste products to the lungs -Lose their nucleus upon maturation (can’t divide like normal cells) -Rely on the Bone Marrow (connective Tissue to produce new cells) Animal Tissue Type of Tissue Role in the Body Examples Connective Tissue Supports and connects different parts of the body (i.e. bone to muscle). Is the most diverse tissue Blood, Fat, Cartilage, Bone, Tendons Epithelial Tissue Protection, Sensory, Transportation, Absorption Covers surfaces of the body Skin, Lines the body cavities (i.e. stomach) Nervous Tissue Makes up our sensory system, allows different body Brain, Spinal cord, parts to communicate with one another Nerves Muscle tissue Allows you to move Cardiac (heart), Striated (muscles), Smooth (walls of organs) Plant Tissues Type of Tissue Function in the Plant Plant Organ where found Photosynthetic Tissue Uses sunlight to produce sugar Leaves Storage Tissue Store energy produced Stem, and Roots Protective Tissue Waterproof the plant, provide protection Leaves, Roots, Stem Transport Tissue Tube like cells with hollow centers Phloem- food, Xylem- water Leaves, Roots, Stem Organization of the Body