Download End of War

 World War I
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"The Great War"
"The war to end all wars!"
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Causes of WW I
M
A
I
N
= militarism = alliances
= imperialism
= nationalism
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Militarism
• Countries strengthened army
and navy to protect colonies
• Fear of attack led other
countries to build up their
military
• Industrial Revolution led to new
killing machines
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New Weapons
Machine
• ________ Guns
Artillery
• Long­Range _______
Poison
• _______ Gas
• Gas Masks
_______throwers
• Flame
Submarines
• ____________ = U Boat
• Airplanes
Tanks
• ________
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Alliances
countries
­ agreements between ________ to war
help each other if ____ breaks out
balance
­ suppose to _________ power, but created more problems
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1914 ­
Germany
Triple Alliance = ______________
Austria-Hungary
______________
Italy
______________
United Kingdom/Great Britain
Triple Entente = ______________
France
______________
______________
Russia
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1915 –
Who has changed sides or stayed the same according to the map?
Allies =
United Kingdom, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia,
Central Powers = Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Ottoman Empire
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Imperialism
• Tensions grew because of countries competing
____________ for colonies and raw materials
• Expansion caused _________ between rivalries/wars
nations
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Nationalism
country
• intense loyalty to one's __________
• people that were under control by happy
other countries were not _________
fight
• these people wanted to ________ for their independence
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nationalists
• Serbian _____________ Gavrilo Princip
Archduke
_________ assassinated ________ Sophie
Franz Ferdinand
___________ and his wife _______
begin
• This caused WW I to ________
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World War I Quiz
1. What are the four MAIN causes of WW I? 2. Name four countries that were in the Allied Powers?
3. What three countries made up the Central Powers?
4. What event sparked the fighting of WWI?
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5. If a country is neutral what are they?
6. What is a civilian?
7. Name 2 new weapons used in WW I.
BONUS
What area is between two opposing trenches?
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Draw and label the Eastern and Western Fronts on the map below.
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Propaganda
• the government used writings, music, videos, pictures in order to get people to think the way they wanted them to
• the government controlled what news made it to the newspaper and what the public was allowed to know 17
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U.S. Involvement
• the U.S. was neutral in 1914; President Woodrow Wilson stated "We must be impartial in thought as well as action."
• actually the U.S. backed the allies
• to support the allies we loaned $ 2 billion dollars to them, sent food, equipment and supplies
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• Germany used a U­Boat blockade to keep the U.S. from supplying Britain
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• the German's used unrestricted subwarfare (attacked all ships without warning)
• Lusitania was sank killing 1200 civilians and 128 Americans How do you think this made Americans feel about the Germans and the war? 21
• Americans called for war
• the government hid the fact that the ship really had 1,248 cases of artillery shells, 6,927 boxes of bullets Why did they do this?
• 1916 Germans sank a French passenger ship and Wilson demanded that they stop using unrestricted subwarfare
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• 1917 the Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted from Germany
• between Feb. and March the Germans sank 6 American ships
• April 6, 1917 President Wilson calls on Congress to declare war on German
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Total War Effort
• civilians did their part on the home front to help win the war
• factories stopped production of their normal goods to produce guns, shells, tanks, airplanes, bombs and more.
• governments forced civilians to ration goods such as: rubber, gasoline, flour, meat and more
• women even went to work in the factories to replace the men
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Zimmermann Telegram
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The Russian Revolution (1917)
Before WW I
• Many were unhappy about high taxes, working conditions, and little voice in the gov't
• Russia was devastated by WWI and the people were more unhappy
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The Russian Revolution (1917)
The Revolution
• Czar Nicholas II (the last emperor of Russia) wanted to keep fighting in WWI, he ignored the peasants and city workers
• the people revolted and forced the Czar to give up his throne (royal family was killed)
• The Bolsheviks (Communists), led by Vladimir Lenin, defeated their enemies and took control of Russia
• Russia withdrew from the eastern front of WWI and signed a separate treaty with Germany
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Red Book pg. 191 1st paragraph
Battle of Argonne­
­ __________ won
­ fought along the _________ front
­ this was the last major battle of the war
­ this battle shattered the _________ defenses
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End of War
• After Russia pulled out of the war Germany faced a one front war on the ___________ front
• Austria­Hungary surrendered because they were in chaos
• the Ottoman Empire surrendered
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• the German navy mutinied and the people protested until the emperor stepped down
• Nov. 11, 1918 Germany signed an armistice (cease fire) ending the war
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Treaty of Versailles 1919
Rewrite the question into a sentence using pg. 193 in your Red book.
1. What country was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles? Why?
2. What was this country forced to pay to the Allies? Why was this a problem?
3. Who was forced to take full responsibility for the war? Was this fair?
4. What happend to the military of this country?
5. How did this country feel about the treaty?
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1. Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany lost the war.
2. Germany was forced to pay money for the cost of the
war (reparations). This was problem because Germany had
no money.
3. Germany was forced to take full responsibility for the
war.
4. Germany's military was reduced, could not have
submarines or air force.
5. Germany felt the treaty was very harsh, unfair and
wanted revenge.
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The League of Nations
• helped to keep Strengths
Weaknesses
the peace in the World
• could force countries to stop trade with another country
• had to have 100% approval by all members
• U.S. did not join
• League could
condemn nations for
acts
• could not enforce decisions
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Countries after World War I
Use page 195 in the Red book to answer these questions the same way that you did for the Treaty of Versailles 1919 section.
1. What happend to Austria­Hungary after WW I?
2. Where were lands taken from to creat new nations in Europe? What direction in Europe?
3. What happend to the different ethnic groups in Europe and what did splitting them up cause?
4. What happend to the Ottoman Empire?
5. What country was created on the Arabian Peninsula?
6. What country was created for the Jewish people in the Middle East and what did this cause?
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Europe Before WWI
After WWI
• Borders changed and new countries were created
• Austria­Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were broken up into smaller nations
• German and Russian empires lost land
• Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were created in Eastern Europe
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How do the two maps differ?
Where were the countries created in Europe?
What problems could this cause later?
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