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SBI 4U – Homeostasis Hormone 1. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) 2. Oxytocin STHRH / GHRH (somatotropin/growth hormone releasing hormone) 4. STH/GH (somatotropin/growth hormone) 5. CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) 3. 6. ACTH (corticotropin) 7. Glucocorticoid (eg. cortisol) 8. TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) 9. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) Gland posterior pituitary Target kidneys posterior pituitary - hypothalamus uterus and mammary glands anterior pituitary anterior pituitary hypothalamus anterior pituitary most cells anterior pituitary adrenal cortex - adrenal cortex liver and immune system hypothalamus anterior pituitary anterior pituitary thyroid thyroid body cells hypothalamus anterior pituitary anterior pituitary Females: ovaries, Males: testes anterior pituitary Females: follicle Males: testes hypothalamus mostly anterior pituitary, but many other cells anterior pituitary mammary glands thyroid bone cells, kidney parathyroid mostly bone and kidney beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in pancreas skeletal muscles, liver, fat cells 10. Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) 11. GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) 12. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) 13. LH (luteinizing hormone) 14. PRLRH (prolactin releasing hormone) 15. Prolactin 16. Calcitonin 17. PTH (parathyroid hormone) 18. Insulin - - Primary Function increases water reabsorption in nephron tubules initiates contractions for childbirth triggers milk release in lactating women stimulates synthesis and secretion of GH promotes growth stimulates release of ACTH stimulates release of hormones involved in stress response, such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids - stimulate conversion of protein and fat into glucose - suppress inflammatory response - stimulates release of TSH and PRL - stimulates release of thyroxin (T4) - increases metabolic rate - increases heart rate and strength of heart beat - increases release of FSH and LH Females: stimulates follicle to release estrogens Males: stimulates spermatogonia to produce sperm Females: stimulates follicle to release estrogens and develops into corpus luteum Males: stimulates interstitial cells to release testosterone - stimulates release of PRL - during pregnancy helps in preparation for future milk production - after pregnancy promotes synthesis of milk - suppresses osteoclasts (bone cell digesting cells) decreasing calcium and phosphorus levels in blood - decreases reabsorption of Ca and P in kidneys - regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in ECF - extremely important in humans - stimulates cells take up glucose and convert it to glycogen or fat, decreasing blood glucose 19. Glucagon 20. Somatostatin 21. Melatonin 22. Thymosin alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in pancreas hypothalamus liver - anterior pituitary pineal thymus not well understood lymph nodes - adrenal cortex kidney - 23. Mineralocorticoid (eg. aldosterone) 24. Adrenalin adrenal medulla many cell types - ovaries of mature females many target tissues - 25. Noradrenalin - 26. Estrogen 27. Progesterone corpus luteum and placenta endometrium - trophoblast of a blastocyst (embryo) corpus luteum - 28. HGC (human chorionic gonadotropin) - 29. Testosterone Interstitial cells of testes many cell types - atria of heart kidneys - liver muscle and bone angiotensinogen 30. ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) 31. Somatomedin kidney 32. Renin 33. Erythropoietin (EPO) 34. Gastrin 35. Secretin - kidney bone marrow - stomach and duodenum gastric cells of stomach - duodenum pancreas - stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood glucose inhibits release of GH inhibits release of TSH Regulates sleep/wake cycles (circadian rhythm) stimulates immunological activity of lymphoid tissue promotes reabsorption of Na+ ions – water follows which increases blood volume and blood pressure heart beats faster and stronger blood shunted away from skin and viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, coronary arteries rise in blood sugar increased metabolism pupils, bronchi dilate pilomotor response prepare body for immediate and vigorous action responsible for sexual maturation of women participate in monthly menstrual cycle participate in pregnancy prepares endometrium for possible pregnancy secretion is maintained if pregnancy occurs prevents deterioration of corpus luteum after fourth week and allows pregnancy to continue commonly tested for in pregnancy tests develops secondary sexual characteristics sperm production regulates blood pressure by causing kidneys to excrete more salt insulin-like growth hormone converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin II this causes several changes with result in increased blood pressure stimulates production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) stimulates the exocrine cells of stomach to secrete gastric juice stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate ions into pancreatic fluid