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Ch. 22.1: Convection Currents in Earth’s Mantle What are they? Fluids that move in a circular loop. Where are they? Earth’s mantle has convection currents of hot rock. Earth’s atmosphere has convection currents of gas/air. Why do they move in a loop or circle? Differences in temperature cause differences in density. Dense things sink and light things float. Ch. 22.1: Convection Currents in Earth’s Mantle Why do we care? Convection currents in the mantle move the plates above. This results in: • Earthquakes • Volcanic activity • Mt. Building • Ocean recycling Convection can occur in water or the atmosphere too! Image: http://www.goodrichscience.com/uploads/3/1/1/2/31129331/159388_orig.png Why do warm things rise and cold things sink? Image: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/img/content/multimedia/chapter_2/lesson_5/states_of_matter_big.jpg • When materials are WARMED UP (energy is added) and atoms/molecules have more kinetic energy (energy of motion). • More kinetic energy, means molecules MOVE AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER They space out and are LESS DENSE OR COMPACT • LESS DENSE things RISE • When materials are COOLED DOWN (energy is removed) and atoms/molecules have less kinetic energy (energy of motion). • Less kinetic energy, means molecules MOVE CLOSER They COMPACT or DENSE • Dense, heavy things SINK Mantle Convection: Step by Step 2. 3. 4. 1. Image: http://images.slideplayer.com/13/4053778/slides/slide_2.jpg 1. Mantle rock near core is hotter (because the core is hotter). 2. Hot rock spreads out, is less dense, and RISES to the crust. 3. Mantle rock near crust cools. 4. Cooler mantle rock is denser and sinks. Part 1 Lab: Modeling Convection Directions: 1. Draw your water tank and cup model of mantle convection. 2. Label your “heat source”. 3. Label “Hot Water” and “Cold Water”. 4. Draw arrows to show the movement of hot and cold water. 5. Color code your diagram to show the motion of hot and cold water. 6. Write a short paragraph summary of what happened and why. Part 2 Video with Questions on Convection. • www.edpuzzle.com OCE 3008 Convection Current Answer • Video Demo of Class Code: bqQ0L2 Convection of water in container: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpnHAj4RZ8