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Digestion and Alcohol Absorption How is alcohol absorbed in the body? 20% absorbed through the stomach 80% absorbed through the small intestine From there to the bloodstream and the rest of the body What does the liver do? Metabolizes (breaks down) alcohol Alcohol and Stomach Issues Ulcers, gastritis, bleeding of the stomach lining Alcohol inhibits the stomach’s ability to produce enough prostaglandins What are prostaglandins again? Protect the stomach from digestive fluids Even beverages containing only 5% to 10% alcohol can cause damage Equivalent amounts of alcohol bottle of regular-strength beer glass of wine shot of tequila Binge Drinking … So What? Binge drinking is drinking more alcohol than the body can “metabolize” (processing the alcohol until there is no alcohol left in the bloodstream). Health Canada standards Alcohol-induced vomiting Poison control cells in your brain detect damage and send a message to stomach to induce vomiting Adult males: four standard drinks on one occasion Adult females: three standard drinks on one occasion Not necessarily from mixing drinks or drinking on an empty stomach Drinking games and JELL-O® shots Alcohol not as noticeable so can get very drunk easily Alcohol Poisoning The "lethal dose" (LD) of alcohol is clinically defined as the amount that would kill half the population (the LD50). Most authorities place the LD50 at about 0.40% or about five times the current legal limit. LD depends on body size: A 50-kilogram man or woman who was drinking very quickly would reach the lethal level after about 8 to 10 drinks in an hour. Symptoms Vomiting, passing out, difficult to wake up, slow and shallow breathing What to do?? Call 911 Put them in the recovery position Reduce chance of choking Don’t let them sleep Alcohol and the Liver The liver is the main site where alcohol is broken down: Long-term heavy drinking may destroyed or alter the liver resulting in fat deposits (fatty liver). Alcoholic hepatitis Inflammation Cirrhosis Permanent of the liver Liver cancer scarring of the liver Stages of Liver Damage Alcohol and Medications Many prescribed and over-the-counter medications interact with alcohol, thereby altering the metabolism or effects of alcohol and/or the medication. Examples Antibiotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, pain and anti-inflammatory medications