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MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Target language and vocabulary Task 1: Parts of speech Complete the table with the appropriate parts of speech. As words can have many meanings, choose the parts of speech with meanings that match the module topic The Rules of Language. The shaded boxes don’t require a word. NOUN VERB Submit ADJECTIVE ADVERB Grammatically Presently Present Pronounceable Mean Phrasal Punctuation Expression; expressiveness Punctuate Expressively Evaluative Refer Discursive Demonstrate Editor; editorial Abbreviate Combine Task 2: Synonyms—using a thesaurus Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for these words. VOCABULARY Auxiliary Issue Vocabulary Synonym Verb Method Error Noun Presentation Phrase Express SYNONYMS A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 Antonym Evaluate Explain Refer Demonstrate Rules Language Balanced Combine Task 3: Use of vocabulary Choose a word from the box to complete the sentences correctly. Remember to change the form of the word if necessary. combine, demonstrate, submit, auxiliary, edit, method, synonym, antonym, issue, discuss, reference, pronounce, evaluate, error, express, vocabulary, verb, language, abbreviate, explain 1. There is more than one _____________________________ of ‘advertisement’. 2. ‘Small’ and ‘little’ are _______________________________. 3. Recent research ________________________ that eating too much sugar is bad for your health. 4. There is a list of ___________________________ at the end of the essay. 5. Students love playing the ‘spot the ________________’ game in class. 6. Checking and correcting mistakes and making improvements as you write is know as the _____________________ process. 7. The classes were ___________________ because one of the teachers was not well. 8. We are studying English ________________________ for academic use. 9. ‘Irrelevant’ is an ______________________ of ‘relevant’. 10. ‘To study’, ‘to relax’ and ‘to eat’ are examples of _________________. 11. The verbs ‘to be’, ‘to do’ and ‘to have’ can be used as _________________ verbs. 12. _____________________________ should not be used in academic writing. 13. The _____________________ essay presents a balanced discussion on a given topic. A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 14. She _______________________ her assignment in late. 15. The department is ___________________________ the results of the survey. 16. The essay discussed the ______________________ of global warming. 17. She is a popular teacher because she _____________________ grammar clearly. 18. Her unusual study _________________________ is quite successful. 19. The native __________________________ of Iceland is Icelandic. 20. The student was able to __________________ her ideas very clearly in her writing. Writing Error correction Find and correct the 10 errors in the following text. Some of classmates think that grammar is only important when writing. I not agree with them. Spoken English is less strict on some grammar points than written English but I think grammars is important when speaking English too. If you don’t use accurate grammar, people won’t misunderstand you. Without grammar rules, your language is just a list of key word and anybody can understand what you really want say if you just list words. You mustn’t be perfect. Nobody perfect! ERROR Some of classmates I not agree writen grammars won’t a list of key word anybody Want say You mustn’t be perfect Nobody perfect CORRECTION Rewrite the corrected text here. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Reading and comprehension Improve your grammar In higher education, good grammar in written work, and in oral presentation, is very important. Grammar mistakes can cause confusion and create a bad impression of your language abilities. International students often worry about their use of grammar, especially in written assignments. Here are some useful and practical ideas to help improve your grammar. Quite simply, you should practise speaking, listening, reading and writing. You need all these skills to be successful in English, just as you use all these skills in your own language. Notice grammatical structures as you listen to others talking and while you are reading. This will help you when you speak and write. You can see many natural and accurate ways of expressing ideas in books and you will start to automatically use them in your speech and in your writing. Understand your most common grammatical errors and learn how to correct them. An example of a very common mistake in writing is omitting articles before nouns. The articles we use in English are ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. Students find that using them accurately can be challenging, so often just leave them out. A good grammar reference book can help you understand the rules to article usage. There are also many excellent practice exercises online that can reinforce the rules. In spoken English, it is more difficult to notice your grammatical mistakes. The use of tense seems to cause the most problem for international students. Some students only use the present tense when they speak. This can be very confusing for a native speaker. We have present, past and future tenses in English, which help us to express time and sequence our ideas. Listen to native speakers and pay attention to when and how they use tenses. Practice speaking with friends and ask them to help you notice and correct your grammatical errors. Every student needs to check their use of grammar, even native speakers. A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 There are thousands of listening and reading resources online in English you can use to help improve your grammar. Do a little work on your grammar every day. Apply what you learn to your writing and speaking, and don’t give up! Task 1 Read the text and decide whether these statements about the text are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN. Find information in the text to explain your choice and write the reason below. 1. International students are concerned about their use of grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Native speakers never worry about grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Accurate use of grammar is only important for written assignments. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Identifying grammatical patterns in texts and when people speak is necessary to improve your grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Your written grammatical errors won’t be the same as your spoken grammatical errors. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Native speakers don’t make mistakes with grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. It is easier to notice your own spoken errors than your written ones. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 8. Native speakers can get confused when international students don’t use tenses accurately. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. All students should check their use of grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Students should spend at least one hour a day online improving their grammar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 ANSWERS Target language and vocabulary Task 1: Parts of speech The table below contains 15 words from Task 1 and MODULE 5. Complete the table with the appropriate parts of speech. NOUN Submission Grammar Presentation Pronunciation Meaning Phrase Punctuation Expression; expressiveness Evaluation Reference Discussion Demonstration Editor; editorial Abbreviation Combination VERB Submit Present Pronounce Mean Phrase Punctuate Express Evaluate Refer Discuss Demonstrate Edit Abbreviate Combine ADJECTIVE ADVERB Grammatical Grammatically Presently Pronounceable Phrasal Expressive Expressively Evaluative Discursive Editorial Abbreviated Combined Task 2: Synonyms—using a thesaurus Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for these words. VOCABULARY Auxiliary Issue Vocabulary Synonym Verb Method Error Noun Presentation Phrase Express Antonym Evaluate SYNONYMS Supporting; helping Topic; problem Words; terminology Similar word. Action word Way; process; procedure Mistake; inaccuracy Naming word Appearance; format Group of words Say; speak; say clearly Opposite meaning word Assess; judge A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 Explain Refer Demonstrate Rules Language Balanced Combine Clarify; give reasons for Mention Show; indicate; prove Guidelines; laws; principles Words for communication Fair Connect; join together; integrate Task 3: Use of vocabulary 1. There is more than one pronunciation of ‘advertisement’. 2. ‘Small’ and ‘little’ are synonyms. 3. Recent research demonstrates that eating too much sugar is bad for your health. 4. There is a list of references at the end of the essay. 5. Students love playing the ‘spot the error’ game in class. 6. Checking and correcting mistakes and making improvements as you write is known as the editing process. 7. The classes were combined because one of the teachers was not well. 8. We are studying English vocabulary for academic use. 9. ‘Irrelevant’ is an antonym of ‘relevant’. 10. ‘To study’, ‘to relax’ and ‘to eat’ are examples of verbs. 11. The verbs ‘to be’, ‘to do’ and ‘to have’ can be used as auxiliary verbs. 12. Abbreviations should not be used in academic writing. 13. The discursive essay presents a balanced discussion on a given topic. 14. She submitted her assignment in late. 15. The department is evaluating the results of the survey. 16. The essay discussed the issue of global warming. 17. She is a popular teacher because she explains grammar clearly. 18. Her unusual study method is quite successful. A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 19. The native language of Iceland is Icelandic. 20. The student was able to express her ideas very clearly in her writing. Writing Error correction Find and correct the 10 errors in the following text. Some of my classmates think that grammar is only important when writing. I not (I don’t) agree with them. Spoken English is less strict on some grammar points than writen (written) English but I think grammars (grammar) is important when speaking English too. If you don’t use accurate grammar, people won’t (will) misunderstand you. Without grammar rules, your language is just a list of key word (words) and anybody (nobody) can understand what you really want to say if you just list words. You mustn’t be (you don’t have to be) perfect. Nobody is perfect! ERROR Some of classmates I not agree writen grammars won’t A list of key word anybody want say You mustn’t be perfect Nobody perfect CORRECTION Some of my classmates I don’t agree written grammar people will misunderstand A list of key words nobody want to say You don’t have to be perfect Nobody is perfect Reading and comprehension Task 1 1. International students are concerned about their use of grammar. TRUE—international students often worry about their use of grammar, especially in written assignments. 2. Native speakers never worry about grammar. NOT GIVEN 3. Accurate use of grammar is only important for written assignments. FALSE—good grammar in written work and in oral presentation is very important. A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014 4. Identifying grammatical patterns in texts and when people speak is necessary to improve your grammar. TRUE. Notice grammatical structures as you listen to others talking and while you are reading. This will help you when you speak and write. You can see many natural and accurate ways of expressing ideas in books and you will start to automatically use them in your speech and in your writing. 5. Your written grammatical errors won’t be the same as your spoken grammatical errors. NOT GIVEN. 6. Native speakers don’t make mistakes with grammar. NOT GIVEN. 7. It is easier to notice your own spoken errors than your written ones. FALSE—in spoken English, it is more difficult to notice your grammatical mistakes. 8. Native speakers can get confused when international students don’t use tenses accurately. TRUE—some students only use present tense when they speak. This can be very confusing for a native speaker. We have present, past and future tenses in English, which help us to express time and sequence our ideas. 9. All students should check their use of grammar. TRUE—every student needs to check their use of grammar, even native speakers. 10. Students should spend at least one hour a day on-line improving your grammar. NOT GIVEN—the text doesn’t say exactly how long students should spend online or on improving their grammar. The text mentions doing some work everyday. For more detailed comprehension of these activities, MODULE 5 can also be completed alongside both the Key to EAP Student Book: Foundation Level and the Key to EAP Student Workbook: Foundation Level. Click here for more information on the Key to EAP series: http://www.oup.com.au/elt/skills2/key_to_eap. A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss © Oxford University Press 2014