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Astronomy Chapter 4 Name: ________________________________ Worksheet 1 Block: ________________________________ Match the definition to the correct word or term ____ 1. Absorption ____ 2. Absorption-line spectrum ____ 3. Atmospheric window ____ 4. Blackbody ____ 5. Conservation of energy ____ 6. Continuous spectrum ____ 7. Doppler shift ____ 8. Electromagnetic radiation ____ 9. Electromagnetic spectrum ____ 10. Electromagnetic wave ____ 11. Elements ____ ____ 12. Emission 13. Emission-line spectrum ____ 14. Energy levels ____ 15. Excited ____ 16. Frequency ____ 17. Infrared ____ 18. Light ____ 19. Nanometer ____ 20. Orbital ____ 21. Photons A. An object that is an ideal radiator when hot and a perfect absorber when cool B. A particle of visible light or other electromagnetic radiation C. A fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler chemical substance D. The study and analysis of spectra E. A wave consisting of alternating electric and magnetic energy F. The theory that electromagnetic radiation may be treated as either a particle or an electromagnetic wave G. Any of the numerous levels that an electron can occupy in an atom H. A principle of physics stating that energy is never created or destroyed although it may change its form I. A wavelength of electromagnetic radiation longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves J. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see with our eyes K. The change in the observed wavelength of radiation caused by the motion of the emitting body or the observer L. Electromagnetic energy M. A relationship between a body’s temperature and the wavelength at which it emits radiation most intensely N. The process in which light or other electromagnetic radiation gives up its energy to an atom or molecule O. A unit of length equal to one-billionth of a meter P. The production of electromagnetic radiation by an atom or other object Q. The assemblage of all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation R. The condition in which the electrons of an atom are not in their lowest energy level S. A spectrum in which certain wavelengths are darker than adjacent wavelengths T. The property of a system that allows it to have only discrete values U. The number of times per second that a wave vibrates ____ 22. Quantized V. A wavelength band in which our atmosphere absorbs little radiation W. Visible light exhibiting no color of its own but composed of a mix of all colors X. A spectrum consisting of bright lines at certain wavelengths separated by dark regions in which there is no light Y. The distance between wave crests ____ 23. Spectroscopy ____ 24. Ultraviolet ____ 25. Visible spectrum ____ 26. Wavelength Z. The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than that of visible light but longer than that of X-rays ____ 27. Wave-particle duality ____ 28. White light ____ 29. Wien’s law AA. A spectrum with neither dark absorption nor bright emission lines BB. A spectrum showing dark lines at some narrow color regions CC. A general term for any kind of electromagnetic wave Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 30. What kind of light travels fastest? a. Ultraviolet b. Visible c. Gamma ray d. Radio waves e. They all travel at the same speed 31. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength? a. Ultraviolet b. Visible c. X-ray d. Infrared e. Radio 32. Which kind of photon has the highest energy? a. Ultraviolet b. Visible c. X-ray d. Infrared e. Radio 33. Suppose we detect red photons at 656 nanometers emitted by electrons dropping from the n=3 to n=2 orbital in hydrogen. The hydrogen is in an interstellar cloud at 5000K. If the cloud were heated to 10,000 K, what would be the wavelength of the photons emitted by the transition? a. 328 b. 656 c. 1312 d. 658 e. 654 34. An astronomer finds that the spectrum of a mysterious object shows bright emission lines. What can she conclude about the source? a. It contains cold gas b. It is an incandescent solid body c. It is rotating very fast d. It contains hot, relatively tenuous gas e. It is moving toward Earth at a high speed 35. A star’s radiation is brightest at a wavelength of 400 nanometers. Its temperature is about a. 4000 K b. 12,000 K c. 1500 K d. 750 K e. 7500 K 36. If an object’s spectral lines are shifted to longer wavelengths, the object is a. Moving away from us b. Moving toward us c. Very hot d. Very cold e. Emitting X-rays Answer the following questions 37. Why is light called electromagnetic radiation? 38. Name the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum from short to long wavelengths 39. Which gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation? Which gases absorb ultraviolet? 40. Why don’t atoms emit a continuous spectrum? 41. How can you tell what sort of gas is emitting light?