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Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Energize! How do the cells in an organism function? • Cells must capture and use energy or they will die. • Without energy, living things cannot replace cells, build body parts, or reproduce. • Food contains chemical energy that cells need to carry out life processes. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do the cells in an organism function? • Producers make their own food. Most use energy from the sun. Some use chemicals to make food. • Consumers must eat other living things to get food. They may eat producers or other consumers. • Decomposers get energy by breaking down dead organisms or wastes of other organisms. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cooking with Chloroplasts How do plant cells make food? • Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars. • Oxygen is released into the air during photosynthesis. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do plant cells make food? • Photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. • A green pigment called chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures energy from sunlight. • This energy is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to form the sugar glucose and oxygen gas. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do plant cells make food? • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Plants store glucose, which is a sugar that stores chemical energy. • When organisms eat plants, they use the stored sugars for energy. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do plant cells make food? • What occurs in the organelle shown below? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Mighty Mitochondria How do cells get energy from food? • Energy in sugars is stored in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). • Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food to produce ATP. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do cells get energy from food? • Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of prokaryotic cells. • In eukaryotes, cellular respiration takes place in organelles called mitochondria. • Glucose is first broken down into two 3-carbon molecules in the cytoplasm, releasing energy. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do cells get energy from food? • Oxygen enters the cell and travels to the mitochondria. • The 3-carbon molecules are broken down in the mitochondria, where energy is captured and stored as ATP. • The products of cellular respiration are chemical energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do cells get energy from food? • In many animals, carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs to be released during breathing. • Some of the energy produced during cellular respiration is released as heat. • Much of the energy produced is transferred to ATP. • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + chemical energy (ATP) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration How do cells get energy from food? • What is the role of mitochondria during cellular respiration? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Merry-Go-Round! How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected? • Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and they release oxygen. • During cellular respiration, other organisms use this oxygen and release carbon dioxide. • Photosynthesis and respiration are linked, each depending on the products of the other. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 1 Lesson 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Out of Air • Anaerobic respiration, which is respiration without oxygen, can occur if there is not enough oxygen. • Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration used by yeasts. • The body uses anaerobic respiration during hard exercise. The lactic acid produced makes muscles sore. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company