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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
CH 24 NATIONALISM WORKSHEET
ANSWER SHEET
Part I Matching
Part II Multiple Choice
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
CH 24 NATIONALISM WORKSHEET
Part I Matching: On the answer sheet write the letter of the word or phrase that best matches
the definition or example provided. Some terms may be used more than once; others may not be
used at all.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Red Shirts
Homestead Act
modernization
Zionism
Bloody Sunday
October Manifesto
Reichstag
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Kulturkampf
Dreyfus affair
People's Budget
revisionism
Duma
Tanzimat
Young Turks
1. A result of the American Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept
of free labor in a market economy.
2. The changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a
given time.
3. A set of reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a Western European model.
4. A movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl.
5. A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905 that
triggered a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a
conservative constitutional monarchy.
6. The result of a great general strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a
popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power.
7. The popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871.
8. Fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire, forcing
the conservative sultan to implement reforms.
9. A bill proposed after the Liberal Party came to power in England in 1906, it was designed to
increase spending on social welfare services, but was vetoed in the House of Lords.
10. An effort by moderate socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the
time.
11. The guerrilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to
liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
12. The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but
controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes.
13. Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878, resulting from
Pius IX's declaration of papal infallibility.
14. A divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely
accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-Semites against
Dreyfus; after Dreyfus was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties
between the state and the church.
Part II Multiple Choice: Using the answer sheet select the letter of the response which best
answers the question or completes the statement.
1. How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?
A. By special citizens' committees that would watch over the work of political officials
B. By special-interest groups that presented the ideas and views of people to government
officials
C. By political parties that established clear platforms for reform
D. By parliaments freely elected by universal male suffrage
E. By a strong national leader whose reforms would aid all of the people
2. The first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia was the
A. abolition of serfdom.
B. creation of the zemstvos, the local, elected governmental councils.
C. granting of a constitution.
D. nationalization of church property.
E. modernization of the legal system.
3. Upon his election as president, why did Louis Napoleon sign conservative legislation increasing the
power of the Catholic Church and depriving poor men of the right to vote?
A. He signed the legislation because he knew that its wide popularity would secure his authority for
the foreseeable future.
B. He signed the legislation in order to get the National Assembly to pay his personal debts and
change the constitution so he could run for a second term.
C. He signed the legislation in order to obtain control over the military, which he could then use to
overthrow the Parlement.
D. He signed the legislation because he needed to curry favor with the Catholic Church in order to
convince the papacy to accept Italian unification.
E. He signed the legislation in order to demonstrate that his authoritarian rule would accept no
challenges from radical or liberal forces.
4. Louis Napoleon's great success with the economy included all of the following except
A. his government encouraged new investment banks and railroad construction.
B. his government improved the urban environment with its rebuilding of Paris.
C. his government launched a massive public works program.
D. his government prevented the formation of labor unions or laws permitting labor strikes.
E. the wages of workers grew ahead of the pace of inflation.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
5. The Russian zemstvo was the
A. peasant commune that owned the land distributed by the Great Reforms.
B. new Russian parliament established after the revolution of 1905.
C. institution for local government established by the Great Reforms.
D. name of the currency issued when Russia adopted the gold standard.
E. state-run investment bank set up to promote railroad construction.
6. How did Sardinia and its monarch, Victor Emmanuel, gain the reputation of a liberal,
progressive state?
A. Victor Emmanuel retained the liberal constitution forced upon his father in 1848, which
included substantial civil liberties.
B. Victor Emmanuel instituted a series of reforms designed to strip the Catholic Church of
most of its land and power in the region.
C. Victor Emmanuel passed legislation that seized land from nobles and redistributed it
more equitably to the peasantry.
D. Victor Emmanuel established the first systems of nationwide childhood education and
free university education for those admitted.
E. Victor Emmanuel formed an alliance with the leading liberal states at the time, Great
Britain and Holland, against Louis Napoleon's increasingly authoritarian rule in France.
7. How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort
to unify Italy?
A. Cavour publicly exposed the betrayal by the French, and French public opinion forced
Louis Napoleon to reestablish its support of Italian unification.
B. Cavour gained the support of the papacy and used pro-Catholic French to pressure Louis
Napoleon to withdraw his support of Austrian claims in northern Italy.
C. The industrialists building railroads in Italy needed unified states to manage the railroad
system and financed and provided logistical support to the nationalists.
D. The papacy gave its blessing to the unification process, which permitted northern
nationalists to use the church's political network to press forward for unification.
E. The nationalist leaders in central Italy overthrew their local princes and merged with
Sardinia, despite the displeasure of the Great Powers.
8. Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to
A. his drive to make German workers more cultured.
B. his attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire.
C. his attempt to stamp out anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian
War.
D. his 1864 war against Denmark.
E. his promotion of the German Empire's new National Theater.
9. What was the goal of the Prussian Parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?
A. To establish a radical program of land redistribution in favor of the peasantry
B. To undermine the authority of the customs union that controlled trade policy
C. To form a Prussian alliance with France as a counterweight to growing Russian power
D. To establish that the Parliament held final political authority and that the army was
responsible to the Parliament
E. To establish a national bank that could fund growing industrialization.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
10. Ottoman reformers launched a series of radical reforms in the nineteenth century known as the
A. New Order.
B. Janissary Laws.
C. Tanzimat.
D. Meiji Reforms.
E. New Turkey Policies.
11. The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the
serfs, was the
A. defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856.
B. revolution of 1905.
C. Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
D. assassination of Alexander II in 1881.
E. Lena Goldfields Massacre of 1912.
12. Why did Prussia and Austria attack Denmark in 1864?
A. Denmark sought to establish trade tolls along the narrow passage that linked the Baltic Sea with
the North Sea.
B. Denmark was attempting to bring two provinces that belong to the German Confederation into a
more centralized Danish state.
C. Denmark established a series of laws that limited the civil rights of German-speaking people in
Danish territory.
D. Denmark sought to form a political alliance among the Scandinavian nations as a counter to
growing Prussian power.
E. Denmark rejected the claims of the German Confederation to have the right to secure the freedom
of religion for Catholics and Lutherans in all German-speaking lands.
13. How did Bismarck structure the North German Confederation in order to secure the authority of the
Prussian Emperor?
A. The parliament was permitted only a minor role in the enforcement of legislation, while all new
bills had to originate from the emperor himself.
B. The parliament had no right to override an imperial veto over legislation, while the emperor had
independent control of the army and the bureaucracy.
C. The emperor controlled the army and foreign affairs and universal male suffrage permitted the
emperor to go directly to the people if the middle-class liberals resisted his bills in the legislature.
D. The emperor's edicts could be reviewed by the legislature but could not be overridden without
agreement of the high law court, which was comprised of individuals appointed by the emperor.
E. The emperor had the authority to declare a state of emergency, which would suspend all
legislative rights and functions.
14. In the 1890s, how did Sergei Witte seek to transform Russia?
A. Witte believed that Russia had lost its roots in Slavic culture and sought to reestablish those roots
in order for Russia to return to greatness.
B. Witte believed that Russia needed to forge a new path to economic success and adopt the radical
land redistribution proposed by the socialists.
C. Witte believed that Russian agriculture was the key to its future success and collectivized land in
order to apply modern, rational farming methods.
D. Witte believed that Russia's industrial backwardness was threatening its power and greatness and
implemented industrial policies to catch up with the West.
E. Witte believed that Russia was fundamentally Asiatic and worked to link Russia politically and
economically with the Asian powers of Japan and China.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
15. How did the Ottoman Empire's efforts at reform in the latter half of the nineteenth century
undermine the empire's stability?
A. The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious
disputes and split Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps.
B. The reforms undermined the position of the Ottoman nobility by emphasizing
industrialization over agricultural concerns.
C. The reforms undermined the growth of nationalism, which the Ottomans had planned to
use as the basis of political loyalty and social stability.
D. The reforms established an imperial legislature, which the sultans soon found they could
neither control nor limit.
E. The reforms permitted each region of the empire to establish its own laws, which
destroyed the coherence of the empire as a whole.
16. The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
A. Zemstvo.
B. Zollverein.
C. Reichstag.
D. North German Confederation.
E. Sadowa.
17. How did the expanding right to vote affect national politics across Europe?
A. Radical parties lost nearly all support as the working classes followed their middle-class
employers into liberal parties.
B. Politics became much more conflict driven, as working classes successfully resisted
efforts by established politicians to manipulate them.
C. Politicians and parties became more responsive to the people they represented.
D. Nearly all political parties sought to establish international parties that moved across
borders to unite people of similar wealth and status.
E. The number of political parties decreased as a few major parties gained dominating
positions in the political system.
18. Theodore Herzl was
A. the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna.
B. speaker of the Reichstag during much of Bismarck's tenure.
C. the creator of modern psychoanalysis.
D. the founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement.
E. a German socialist and author of Evolutionary Socialism.
19. After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
A. imposed a harsh peace on France.
B. imposed a generous peace on France.
C. asked for international participation in the formation of the peace treaty.
D. acknowledged its own role in starting the war.
E. made the status quo before the war the basis of the peace treaty.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
20. Why did Bismarck enact high tariffs on grain from the United States, Canada, and Russia in
1878?
A. He intended to drive up grain prices in order to weaken the growing Socialist Party.
B. He hoped to break the alliance among the great grain-producing nations in order to isolate
Russia politically.
C. He planned to promote a policy of economic nationalism in which Germany would
provide all of its needed commodities.
D. He sought to win support from both the Catholic Center and the Protestants Junkers, who
had large land holdings.
E. He sought to aid Germany's new colonies in Africa by granting them exclusive trading
rights to supply Germany with grains.
21. Why did the conservative Bismarck pioneer the creation of an expansive system of social
welfare?
A. Bismarck sought to blunt the attraction of socialism to the working classes and give them
a small stake in the existing political system.
B. Bismarck sought to undermine the power of the landed aristocracy by building a political
movement based on support from the masses.
C. Bismarck was compelled to offer greater social benefits so that German workers would
not migrate to France and Great Britain, where such programs already existed.
D. Bismarck believed that social welfare programs were a moral responsibility of a
government.
E. Bismarck believed that his successful campaign against the Catholic Church had left a
void that the state had to fill by providing charity to the poor.
22. Which of the following best characterizes the political goal of the creation of free,
compulsory elementary education in France?
A. To prepare children to serve the state in wartime, either in the battlefield or on the home
front
B. To prepare children for work in the industrial setting and promote obedience to
managerial authority
C. To act as a nation-building tool in which all children would be taught secular, republican
values
D. To create a uniform base of knowledge that all children would be able to use in their
professional lives
E. To identify the exceptional children who could be trained to be the future leaders of
France
23. Why were extensive social welfare programs slow to form in Great Britain?
A. The conservative, aristocratic House of Lords resisted the formation of such programs until the
king threatened to appoint new nobles who would support the programs.
B. Social welfare programs violated the broad idea of liberalism that was powerfully supported by
the middle class in Great Britain.
C. Great Britain's tradition of low taxes provided no income for such programs, which would require
a restructuring of government finances and additional taxation.
D. Great Britain lacked the administrative system to organize such programs and the data needed to
implement them.
E. Social welfare programs were seen as a foreign idea that would destroy Britain's sense of its
exceptionalism in European affairs.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
24. Giuseppe Garibaldi is best described as
A. a hard-line socialist.
B. a liberal technocrat.
C. an amoral opportunist.
D. a visionary industrialist.
E. a romantic nationalist.
25. As Hungary gained its independent status in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, how did it
organize its domestic politics?
A. A liberal constitution was created that granted universal male suffrage.
B. The Magyar nobility dominated both the peasantry and minority populations through the
Parliament.
C. A radical socialist state was formed in which committees of workers had full authority to
review the actions of the Parliament.
D. The Hungarian military established a police state in which most civil liberties were
sharply curtailed.
E. The Hungarians placed themselves under the direct supervision of the Austrian Emperor.
26. Bismarck's social reforms were motivated primarily by
A. the Long Depression.
B. his goal of stimulating the economy.
C. humanitarian concern for the suffering of the urban poor.
D. the failure of his Kulturkampf against German Catholics.
E. his fear and distrust of socialism.
27. According to the text, German Social Democrats recovered their losses of the 1907 election
and became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912, in part because they
A. endorsed Marx's call for a violent revolution.
B. accepted trade unions' call for evolutionary rather than revolutionary socialism.
C. took on a more patriotic tone and broadened their base.
D. began courting Catholics in southern Germany.
E. merged with the German Liberal party.
28. The Dreyfus affair
A. revived the prestige of the French army.
B. drove a wedge between Catholics and anti-Semites.
C. revived republican distrust of Catholicism.
D. fanned the flames of French imperialism.
E. created a witch hunt for German spies in the French army and intelligence services.
29. Unlike other political parties, the Marxian socialists
A. refused to seek electoral office.
B. failed to gain many members due to their radical message.
C. rejected all forms of patriotism.
D. organized themselves into an international organization.
E. consistently sought the violent overthrow of national governments.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
30. Socialist parties become more moderate by the late 1800s for all of the following reasons
except
A. socialist leaders saw revolution as a threaten to their now respectable positions in society.
B. as the socialist parties grew in size, they looked more toward gradual change.
C. workers' standard of living rose considerably, blunting the message of radical change.
D. as workers gained the right to vote, they focused attention on elections rather than
revolution.
E. workers were influenced by patriotic education and indoctrination during military
service.
31. How did labor unions in Germany change in the early 1900s?
A. Unions became more radical as resistance to their demands by industrialists grew.
B. Unions sought to organize white-collar workers rather than industrial laborers since
white-collar workers had more political clout.
C. Unions increasingly focused on bread-and-butter issues rather than dissemination of
socialist doctrine.
D. Unions began to establish independent, worker-owned businesses to compete with those
of the industrialists.
E. Unions became political power brokers among the competing political parties.
32. Which of the following does not correctly characterize the various socialist parties in Europe
prior to 1914?
A. Russian and Austro-Hungarian socialists tended to be the most radical.
B. The German socialist party talked revolution but practiced reformism.
C. The British socialists, except for the Marxian Labor Party, was formally committed to
gradual reform.
D. Marxian socialism was weakest in Spain and Italy.
E. The French Socialist Party was the most modest due to the powerful labor unions that
controlled the party.
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