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After the Revolution… Peace • End to WWI w/ Treaty of BrestLitovsk Council of People’s Commissars Communism • Place factories under soviet control • Redistribute land Civil War: • Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (Coalition of Mensheviks, Czarists, Reformists) 1918-1921 Lenin’s First Steps • Replaces Duma to consolidate power Cheka • Secret Police to maintain order over citizens Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 • Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) Attempt to rebuild economy & agriculture Mix of Capitalism / Socialism Limited Free Market System N.E.P (Success) Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 • Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) • Political Reforms -Bolshevik party became Communist Party -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics Characteristics of a Totalitarian State • Dictatorship- Absolute Authority • Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation • State Control Over All Sectors of Society – Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts • State Control Over the Individual – Obedience – Denies basic liberties • Organized Violence – Uses force to crush opposition Stalin’s Totalitarian State • State Control of the Economy – 5 year plan, collective farms • Police Terror – Great Purge, crush opposition • Religious Persecution – Control of the individual • Propaganda (socialist realism) – Molding peoples minds • Education – Controlled by the government • Reorganize economy to catch up w/ the West • Applied to Industry & Agriculture • Collectivize farms: State takes proceeds Goal Problems • Unrealistic production quotas w/ brutal enforcement methods & poor working conditions • Resistance to collectivization by peasants had to be crushed • Decrease in urban standard of living / living conditions (overcrowding/housing shortages). • Preference to “megaprojects” made consumer goods unavailable. Stalin’s 5 Year Plans