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Recap the Russian Revolution Lenin Restores Order Lenin sets out to rebuild the new USSR & its economy Organized Russia into Republics; unifying the country Formed a new nation: The Soviet Union Lenin allowed some private limited ownership of property (NEP) Established SOVIETS to rule locally Who influenced Lenin Karl Marx: Ideas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary idea Wrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a take over by the proletariat and then the establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM) Inspired proletariats (working class) around the world Vision of a lasting & prosperous society An economic & social system that advocated a single political party & state ownership of property. Lenin’s “right hand” man Leon Trotsky Fellow Bolshevik Intellectual (educated) Negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to end WWI Commanded the Red Army during the Civil War Lenin’s Revolutionary Social Changes Abolish private property Abolish all rights of inheritance. Confiscation of all property of emigrants and criminals/rebels. Nationalize factories Centralize agricultural production (seize grain to feed army and workforce) A classless society Universal suffrage A general distrust of organized religions Lenin’s Economic Policies (NEP) New Economic Plan Some private ownership Farms Businesses Farmers could keep their surplus TOTALITARIANISM Joseph Stalin Stalin Takes Power Stalin Vs. Trotsky Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy Stalin called for a command economy— a system in which the government makes all economic decisions Stalin’s command economy promoted an industrial revolution & an agricultural revolution Industrial Policies: initiated 5 Years Plans to promote industrial growth; limited production of consumer goods Agricultural Polices: established collective farms; eliminated wealthy peasants 5- Year Plans & Soviet Industry Totalitarianism A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. 1) Dictatorship & one-party rule 2) Dynamic leader Justifies government actions Glorifies the aims of the state Demand total obedience to authority & personal sacrifice for the good of the state Denies basic liberties 5) Dependence on modern technology Helps unite people toward meeting goals or a common vision Encourages people to devote their unconditional loyalty & support to the state Becomes a symbol of the government 4) State control over all sectors of society Key Traits of Totalitarianism 3) Ideology Absolute authority Dominates the govt. Relies on mass communication (radio,newsreels,loudspeakers) to spread propaganda 6) Organized violence Uses force, such as police terror, to crush ALL opposition Targets certain groups, such as national minorities & political opponents as enemies Control Methods of Totalitarianism Police Terror Great Purge (Kulak sent to camps, killed or exiled) Used secret police & violent tactics to crush opposition Other Useful Methods: Art/Religion: introduced SOCIALIST REALISM as a way to rally workers Controlled the media / Censored all forms of creativity / Replaced religious teaching with Communists IDEALS Propaganda & Indoctrination: Used Art & indoctrination to glorify the State Education: expanded & controlled education at all levels Opened educational opportunities to women Education Policies expanded and controlled education at all levels; Opened educational opportunities to women Use Education to INDOCTRINATE people and control them Purges = Power! Propaganda & Socialist Realism Cult of Personality Socialist Realism Loyalty to your leader & Country is to replace devotion to the Church Propaganda Propaganda