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Earth Science Spring Semester Final Answer Key 1. Variations in air pressure from place to place are the principle cause of a. clouds b. lows c. hail d. wind 2. What causes barometric pressure to change? a. changes in the weather b. temperature changes c. air currents d. all of the above 3. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the . a. exosphere b. ionosphere c. stratosphere d. troposphere 4. Air temperature rises when the particles in the air a. move faster b. move slower c. stop moving d. lose energy 5. Two thermometers are in a room. One is on the floor. The other is close to the ceiling. Will there be a difference in temperature? a. yes b. no 6. When convection occurs in the atmosphere a. warm air sinks and cool air rises b. warm air rises and cool air sinks c. cool air and warm air sink d. cool air and warm air rise 1 of 12 7. Thermal energy that travels from the sun to Earth is transferred by a. conduction b. fuel c. convection d. radiation 8. In what layer is the Ozone found? a. Stratosphere b. Mesosphere c. Thermosphere d. None of the above 9. What layer does most weather occur? a. Thermosphere b. Troposphere c. Mesosphere d. Statosphere 10. The Earth's atmosphere is made up 78% of a. Nitrogen b. Oxygen c. Argon d. Carbon Dioxide 11. Ozone filters a. the particles of dust in the air. b. ultra violet radiation form the sun c. carbon dioxide d. acids 12. The atmosphere helps support life on earth by: a. providing oxygen b. protecting from solar radiation c. regulating the temperature d. all of the above 13. Condensation nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which water droplets form. a. True b. False 2 of 12 14. Clouds are composed of small water droplets and/or ice crystals. a. True b. False 15. What is the general term for water vapor in the air? a. capacity b. condensation c. humidity d. saturation 16. During which process does water vapor change to a liquid state? a. condensation b. deposition c. melting d. sublimation 17. Air that has a 100 percent relative humidity is said to be a. dry b. saturated c. stable d. unstable 18. When water vapor condenses, it releases heat energy. a. True b. False 19. An instrument used to measure the relative humidity in the air is the a. thermometer b. anemometer c. hygrometer d. barometer 20. The conversion of a vapor directly to solid is best described as a. condensation b. deposition c. freezing d. vaporization 3 of 12 . 21. An element is a substance that a. exists naturally as a soild, liquid, and gas. b. cannot be broken down into simpler substances. c. is above 86 on the periodic table. d. can be broken down only by chemical means. 22. is the loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter overlying the bedrock of the Earth's surface. a. humus b. compost c. sediment d. soil 23. What is soil made of? Soil is made of water, air, humus and tiny pieces of rock. 24. Name four types of soil. Four types of soil are top, clay, sand and silt 25. Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids are significant agents of . a. chemical weathering b. abrasion c. mechanical weathering d. erosion 26. is the process in which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes. a. chemical weathering b. abrasion c. weathering d. mechanical weathering 27. Unlike physical weathering where the resulting mineral fragments have the same chemical composition as those of the original rock, chemical weathering changes the composition of the original minerals. a. True b. False 28. Abrasion by wind and running water are examples of a. ice wedging b. exfoliation c. physical weathering d. chemical weathering 4 of 12 . 29. The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks is called a. exfoliation b. icing c. abrasion d. frost wedging 30. The youngest supercontinent known is , named by Alfred Wegener. a. Gondwanaland b. Laurasia c. Pangea d. Borneo 31. Which particles make up atoms? a. protons, neutrons, electrons b. protons, electrons, nuclei c. electrons, neutrons, ions d. neutrons, electrons, molecules 32. What is an element? a. a pure subtance b. matter of one type of atom c. can be broken down d. all of the above e. only a and c 33. Which of the following is an element? a. water b. hydrogen c. air d. carbon dioxide 34. A compound contains two or more a. elements physically combined. b. simple substances. c. elements chemically combined. d. nuclei combined with electrons 35. Crystallization from cooling magma describes one way that a. atoms bond. b. ions combine. c. protons attract electrons. d. minerals form. 5 of 12 . 36. What process causes dissolved substances to be left behind to form minerals after water in lakes or ponds evaporates? a. precipitation b. ionization c. condensation d. sublimation 37. Minerals are classified according to their a. color. b. origin. c. composition. d. specific gravity. 38. A particular mineral breaks like a piece of glass does. Which describes the breakage? a. clevage b. hardness c. metallic luster d. fracture 39. What is a mineral's streak? a. the resistance to being scratched b. the color of the mineral in powder form c. the way which a mineral reflects light d. the way a mineral reacts to hydrochloric acid 40. A mineral CANNOT be a. soild. b. formed from once-living material. c. naturally occurring. d. light in color. 41. Which of these is a mineral? a. oxygen b. diamond c. sulfuric acid d. wood 6 of 12 42. The hardness of a mineral is measured by: a. Augustine's soft scale b. Einstein's hardness scale c. the weight of the mineral d. Moh's hardness scale e. your fingernail 43. Major groups of minerals include a. oxides and carbonates. b. ions and isotopes c. silicates and magnetics. d. inorganics and halides. 44. Color is not often a useful identification property because a. some minerals are colorless b. the same mineral can be different colors c. different minerals can be different colors d. some minerals are single elements 45. Mineral properties depend on composition and a. structure b. luster c. cleavage d. streak 46. When carbonate minerals come into contacts with hydrochloric acid, they a. break. b. fizz. c. freeze. d. evaporate. 47. Which of the following is a property of minerals? a. age b. odor c. harness d. size 48. Which type of rock is made by layers of small pieces of rocks and minerals cemented together? a. metamorphic b. minerals c. igneous d. sedimentary 7 of 12 49. If a mineral breaks along flat or even surfaces, it has a. luster. b. fracture. c. cleavage. d. streak. 50. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive property of minerals? a. greasy feel b. magnetism c. double refraction d. streak 51. The Mohs scale measures a. density of a mineral. b. a mineral's hardness. c. the luster of a mineral. d. a mineral's type of crystalline structure. 52. Diamond is a. the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale. b. a nonmetallic element. c. the only mineral with luster. d. an isotope of silicon. 53. What are the centers of low pressure systems called? a. air masses b. anticyclones c. cyclones d. jet streams 54. What is the symbol for low pressure? a. L b. L-P c. H d. L-P-L 8 of 12 55. The values of the isobars of a high pressure system the center of the high. from the outer areas towards a. increase b. are strongest c. stay the same d. decrease e. none of the above 56. Pressure data on a map are shown using lines that connect places of equal air pressure called a. millibars b. isobars c. aneroids d. isotherms e. kilograms 57. determines wind speed. a. Barometer b. Wind Vane c. Hygometer d. Anemometer 58. What is air pressure? a. force exerted on us by wind b. force exerted on us by air molecules c. force exerted on us by clouds d. force exerted on us by gravity 59. A device that measures air pressure, the weight of the column of air that extends from the instrument to the top of the atmosphere. a. thermometer b. barometer c. telescope d. Celsius scale 60. What is the symbol for high pressure? a. H-P b. L-P c. H d. L 9 of 12 61. High pressure systems have weather and are . a. rainy, stable b. clear, stable c. rainy, unstable d. clear, unstable 62. The deflection of wind due to the Coriolis effect is strongest at a. midnight b. the mid-latitudes c. sunrise d. the equator e. the poles 63. The Coriolis effect can be described as a. The appearance of change in wind direction due to shifts in the climate b. The movement of the westerlies toward the trade winds c. The combination of various wind patterns around the globe d. The deflection of moving air, causing it to turn to the right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere 64. Global winds seem to travel in curved paths because of the a. convection cell b. warmer air c. coriolis effect d. colder air 65. A line on a weather map connecting locations with equal air pressure is called a(n) a. anemometer b. isobar c. sea breeze d. Coriolis effect 66. Which of the following factors contributes to our wind patterns? a. friction b. pressure gradient c. Coriolis force d. solar radiation e. all of the above 10 of 12 67. 1. A transform boundary exists where one of the Earth’s plates . a. slides past another plate b. crashes into another plate c. moves away from another plate d. dives beneath another plate 68. . Which of these is NOT used as evidence that Earth’s surface consists of plates that are in continuous motion? a. earthquakes b. blizzards c. mountains d. volcanoes 69. 3. What did scientist Alfred Wegener call the large supercontinent that once existed? a. Eurasia b. Panamerica c. Pangea d. Ring of Fire 70. 4. Which of these pieces of evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift? a. subduction zones b. divergent boundaries c. seafloor spreading d. fossils from different continents 71. 5. Seafloor spreading explains why . a. materials circulate within the Earth’s mantle b. the ocean has high and low tides c. one portion of the Earth’s crusts dives beneath another portion d. the oldest part of the ocean floor is found farthest from the mid-ocean ridge 72. 6. Scientists think that tectonic plates can move when . a. materials circulate in the Earth’s mantle b. high tide occurs c. magma is released from the mid-ocean ridge d. the lithosphere begins to melt 73. 7. The rocky outer layer of the Earth is called the a. mantle b. atmosphere c. hydrosphere d. lithosphere 11 of 12 . 74. 8. Energy released during an earthquake creates . a. an overheated inner core b. a mid-ocean ridge c. an eruption of molten lava d. a seismic wave 75. The Ring of Fire refers to . a. an active erupting volcano b. the volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean c. the spreading that takes place on the ocean floor d. the land once known as Pangea 76. 10. Mountains on the Earth's surface form in random locations, with no relation to the Earth's plates. a. True b. False 12 of 12