Download Earth Science Spring Semester Final Answer Key

Earth Science Spring Semester Final Answer Key
1. Variations in air pressure from place to place are the principle cause of
a. clouds
b. lows
c. hail
d. wind
2. What causes barometric pressure to change?
a. changes in the weather
b. temperature changes
c. air currents
d. all of the above
3. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the
.
a. exosphere
b. ionosphere
c. stratosphere
d. troposphere
4. Air temperature rises when the particles in the air
a. move faster
b. move slower
c. stop moving
d. lose energy
5. Two thermometers are in a room. One is on the floor. The other is close to the ceiling. Will there
be a difference in temperature?
a. yes
b. no
6. When convection occurs in the atmosphere
a. warm air sinks and cool air rises
b. warm air rises and cool air sinks
c. cool air and warm air sink
d. cool air and warm air rise
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7. Thermal energy that travels from the sun to Earth is transferred by
a. conduction
b. fuel
c. convection
d. radiation
8. In what layer is the Ozone found?
a. Stratosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Thermosphere
d. None of the above
9. What layer does most weather occur?
a. Thermosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Statosphere
10. The Earth's atmosphere is made up 78% of
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Argon
d. Carbon Dioxide
11. Ozone filters
a. the particles of dust in the air.
b. ultra violet radiation form the sun
c. carbon dioxide
d. acids
12. The atmosphere helps support life on earth by:
a. providing oxygen
b. protecting from solar radiation
c. regulating the temperature
d. all of the above
13. Condensation nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which water droplets form.
a. True
b. False
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14. Clouds are composed of small water droplets and/or ice crystals.
a. True
b. False
15. What is the general term for water vapor in the air?
a. capacity
b. condensation
c. humidity
d. saturation
16. During which process does water vapor change to a liquid state?
a. condensation
b. deposition
c. melting
d. sublimation
17. Air that has a 100 percent relative humidity is said to be
a. dry
b. saturated
c. stable
d. unstable
18. When water vapor condenses, it releases heat energy.
a. True
b. False
19. An instrument used to measure the relative humidity in the air is the
a. thermometer
b. anemometer
c. hygrometer
d. barometer
20. The conversion of a vapor directly to solid is best described as
a. condensation
b. deposition
c. freezing
d. vaporization
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.
21. An element is a substance that
a. exists naturally as a soild, liquid, and gas.
b. cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
c. is above 86 on the periodic table.
d. can be broken down only by chemical means.
22.
is the loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter
overlying the bedrock of the Earth's surface.
a. humus
b. compost
c. sediment
d. soil
23. What is soil made of?
Soil is made of water, air, humus and tiny pieces of rock.
24. Name four types of soil.
Four types of soil are top, clay, sand and silt
25. Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids are significant agents of
.
a. chemical weathering
b. abrasion
c. mechanical weathering
d. erosion
26.
is the process in which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or
chemical processes.
a. chemical weathering
b. abrasion
c. weathering
d. mechanical weathering
27. Unlike physical weathering where the resulting mineral fragments have the same chemical
composition as those of the original rock, chemical weathering changes the composition of the
original minerals.
a. True
b. False
28. Abrasion by wind and running water are examples of
a. ice wedging
b. exfoliation
c. physical weathering
d. chemical weathering
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.
29. The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks is called
a. exfoliation
b. icing
c. abrasion
d. frost wedging
30. The youngest supercontinent known is
, named by Alfred Wegener.
a. Gondwanaland
b. Laurasia
c. Pangea
d. Borneo
31. Which particles make up atoms?
a. protons, neutrons, electrons
b. protons, electrons, nuclei
c. electrons, neutrons, ions
d. neutrons, electrons, molecules
32. What is an element?
a. a pure subtance
b. matter of one type of atom
c. can be broken down
d. all of the above
e. only a and c
33. Which of the following is an element?
a. water
b. hydrogen
c. air
d. carbon dioxide
34. A compound contains two or more
a. elements physically combined.
b. simple substances.
c. elements chemically combined.
d. nuclei combined with electrons
35. Crystallization from cooling magma describes one way that
a. atoms bond.
b. ions combine.
c. protons attract electrons.
d. minerals form.
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.
36. What process causes dissolved substances to be left behind to form minerals after water in
lakes or ponds evaporates?
a. precipitation
b. ionization
c. condensation
d. sublimation
37. Minerals are classified according to their
a. color.
b. origin.
c. composition.
d. specific gravity.
38. A particular mineral breaks like a piece of glass does. Which describes the breakage?
a. clevage
b. hardness
c. metallic luster
d. fracture
39. What is a mineral's streak?
a. the resistance to being scratched
b. the color of the mineral in powder form
c. the way which a mineral reflects light
d. the way a mineral reacts to hydrochloric acid
40. A mineral CANNOT be
a. soild.
b. formed from once-living material.
c. naturally occurring.
d. light in color.
41. Which of these is a mineral?
a. oxygen
b. diamond
c. sulfuric acid
d. wood
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42. The hardness of a mineral is measured by:
a. Augustine's soft scale
b. Einstein's hardness scale
c. the weight of the mineral
d. Moh's hardness scale
e. your fingernail
43. Major groups of minerals include
a. oxides and carbonates.
b. ions and isotopes
c. silicates and magnetics.
d. inorganics and halides.
44. Color is not often a useful identification property because
a. some minerals are colorless
b. the same mineral can be different colors
c. different minerals can be different colors
d. some minerals are single elements
45. Mineral properties depend on composition and
a. structure
b. luster
c. cleavage
d. streak
46. When carbonate minerals come into contacts with hydrochloric acid, they
a. break.
b. fizz.
c. freeze.
d. evaporate.
47. Which of the following is a property of minerals?
a. age
b. odor
c. harness
d. size
48. Which type of rock is made by layers of small pieces of rocks and minerals cemented together?
a. metamorphic
b. minerals
c. igneous
d. sedimentary
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49. If a mineral breaks along flat or even surfaces, it has
a. luster.
b. fracture.
c. cleavage.
d. streak.
50. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive property of minerals?
a. greasy feel
b. magnetism
c. double refraction
d. streak
51. The Mohs scale measures
a. density of a mineral.
b. a mineral's hardness.
c. the luster of a mineral.
d. a mineral's type of crystalline structure.
52. Diamond is
a. the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale.
b. a nonmetallic element.
c. the only mineral with luster.
d. an isotope of silicon.
53. What are the centers of low pressure systems called?
a. air masses
b. anticyclones
c. cyclones
d. jet streams
54. What is the symbol for low pressure?
a. L
b. L-P
c. H
d. L-P-L
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55. The values of the isobars of a high pressure system
the center of the high.
from the outer areas towards
a. increase
b. are strongest
c. stay the same
d. decrease
e. none of the above
56. Pressure data on a map are shown using lines that connect places of equal air pressure called
a. millibars
b. isobars
c. aneroids
d. isotherms
e. kilograms
57.
determines wind speed.
a. Barometer
b. Wind Vane
c. Hygometer
d. Anemometer
58. What is air pressure?
a. force exerted on us by wind
b. force exerted on us by air molecules
c. force exerted on us by clouds
d. force exerted on us by gravity
59. A device that measures air pressure, the weight of the column of air that extends from the
instrument to the top of the atmosphere.
a. thermometer
b. barometer
c. telescope
d. Celsius scale
60. What is the symbol for high pressure?
a. H-P
b. L-P
c. H
d. L
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61. High pressure systems have
weather and are
.
a. rainy, stable
b. clear, stable
c. rainy, unstable
d. clear, unstable
62. The deflection of wind due to the Coriolis effect is strongest at
a. midnight
b. the mid-latitudes
c. sunrise
d. the equator
e. the poles
63. The Coriolis effect can be described as
a. The appearance of change in wind direction due to shifts in the climate
b. The movement of the westerlies toward the trade winds
c. The combination of various wind patterns around the globe
d. The deflection of moving air, causing it to turn to the right in the northern
hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere
64. Global winds seem to travel in curved paths because of the
a. convection cell
b. warmer air
c. coriolis effect
d. colder air
65. A line on a weather map connecting locations with equal air pressure is called a(n)
a. anemometer
b. isobar
c. sea breeze
d. Coriolis effect
66. Which of the following factors contributes to our wind patterns?
a. friction
b. pressure gradient
c. Coriolis force
d. solar radiation
e. all of the above
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67. 1. A transform boundary exists where one of the Earth’s plates
.
a. slides past another plate
b. crashes into another plate
c. moves away from another plate
d. dives beneath another plate
68. . Which of these is NOT used as evidence that Earth’s surface consists of plates that are in
continuous motion?
a. earthquakes
b. blizzards
c. mountains
d. volcanoes
69. 3. What did scientist Alfred Wegener call the large supercontinent that once existed?
a. Eurasia
b. Panamerica
c. Pangea
d. Ring of Fire
70. 4. Which of these pieces of evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?
a. subduction zones
b. divergent boundaries
c. seafloor spreading
d. fossils from different continents
71. 5. Seafloor spreading explains why
.
a. materials circulate within the Earth’s mantle
b. the ocean has high and low tides
c. one portion of the Earth’s crusts dives beneath another portion
d. the oldest part of the ocean floor is found farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
72. 6. Scientists think that tectonic plates can move when
.
a. materials circulate in the Earth’s mantle
b. high tide occurs
c. magma is released from the mid-ocean ridge
d. the lithosphere begins to melt
73. 7. The rocky outer layer of the Earth is called the
a. mantle
b. atmosphere
c. hydrosphere
d. lithosphere
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.
74. 8. Energy released during an earthquake creates
.
a. an overheated inner core
b. a mid-ocean ridge
c. an eruption of molten lava
d. a seismic wave
75. The Ring of Fire refers to
.
a. an active erupting volcano
b. the volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean
c. the spreading that takes place on the ocean floor
d. the land once known as Pangea
76. 10. Mountains on the Earth's surface form in random locations, with no relation to the Earth's
plates.
a. True
b. False
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