Download File - Flipped Out Science with Mrs. Thomas!

Name: ___________________________________ Period: ____________ Due Date: ______
Unit 6.1 Test Review - Teacher
THE NERVOUS, INTEGUMENTARY, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
The Nervous System:
1. What are the 3 parts of a neuron and what do they do?
Dendrites: delivers impulse to cell body
Cell body : contains nucleus & organelles
Axon: carries impulse away from cell body
2. What is the space between nerve cells called? ___synapse_____
3. What is the function of the nervous system? The nervous system is made of the
structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli
4. What does CNS stand for? Then explain CNS main parts and functions:
Central nervous system is made of Brain: control center of the body
Spinal cord: links brain with body nerves, controls reflexes. Protected by vertebrae
5. What does PNS mean and what does it include?
Peripheral nervous system – includes all of nerves that branch to the rest of the body
6. Why is the front of the brain so wrinkled?
The front of the brain is more wrinkled than the back. This is because the front of the cortex
handles much of the abstract thinking. The wrinkles allow for neurons to communicate over
shorter distances, enabling humans to think fast!
6. What does the left hemisphere control?
Left Hemisphere Function: Controls the right side of the body. Considered the academic and
logical side of the brain - language, reasoning, science, math, writing, and number skills.
7. What does the right hemisphere control?
Right Hemisphere Function: Controls the left side of the body. Considered the artistic and
creative side of the brain - intuition, insight, art and music awareness, imagination, creativity,
and 3-d form understanding.
8. What is the difference between the rods and cones in your eye?
Rods are most sensitive to light and dark changes, shape and movement. Rods are not good for
color vision.
Cones are not as sensitive to light as the rods. Cones are most sensitive to one of three
different colors (green, red or blue). Cones, work only in bright light.
The Integumentary System
1. What are the functions of the Integumentary System?
1. Forms a protective covering over the body that prevents infections and
water loss.
2. Maintains homeostasis by helping to regulate body temperature
o Blood vessels in skin help release/hold heat
o Perspiration (sweating) to keep cool and shivering to keep warm
3. Excretes wastes such as sodium chloride (salt) and, water in your sweat, and
urea, which is also in your urine
4. Sensory receptors —Our sense of touch
5. Produces vitamin D in the epidermis using sunlight
2. Label the layers or part of the skin
cross section:
A: Edipermis
C: Dermis
E: Subcutaneous or Hypodermis
3. What layer of the skin has the blood vessels?
dermis
4. What is the name of the pigment that gives skin its color? melanin
The Circulatory System
1. In pulmonary circulation, blood flows through two organs: lungs and heart
2. What are valves responsible for?
Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards
3. What factors help blood moves through the veins?



Smooth muscle - Veins have smooth muscle tissue in their walls that gently
contracts to push blood through the circulatory system
Creation of blood pressure – caused by the contraction of skeletal muscle. The
squeezing and flexing of these muscles puts pressure on the blood vessels and
locally raises blood pressure enough to push the blood along its path.
Valves - series of valves that close in response to back pressure prevents the
blood in the veins from flowing backwards
4. What are the three types of blood vessels? What are their functions and oxygen levels?
Artery
Blood Vessel
Function
Carry Blood Away from the Heart, rich in oxygen
Veins
Capillaries
Carry Blood to the Heart, low in oxygen (except pulmonary veins)
Exchange Gas, where gas exchange (CO2 and O2) occur
Note: The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart where it is then
pumped throughout the rest of the body
5. Why does our heart rate change?
To correspond to the body’s need for oxygen, higher rates allow for more oxygen to be absorbed
6. Label the types of blood cells:
A
Part
Red Blood Cells
B
White Blood Cells
Function
carry needed materials like oxygen and
glucose, CO2
fight disease
C
Platelets
involved in blood clotting
7. What is the main function of the circulatory system? To carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells and
to carry away wastes, including carbon dioxide from the cells
More specifically, see below:






Respiration - delivers oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them
Nutrition - carries digested food substances to the cells of the body
Waste Removal - disposes of waste products and poisons that would harm the body if they
accumulated
Immunity - helps protect the body from disease
Cellular Communication - the circulatory system provides a mode of transport for hormones
Thermoregulation - the circulatory system transports heat (can both warm and cool body)
8. Label the Heart:
A
Part
Aorta
Blood Flow (rich or poor O2)or Function
Oxygen rich blood flows into this artery
from the left ventricle. It then flows out to
the body.
B
Left Atrium
Oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs.
It then flows into this chamber
C
D
Valve
Left ventricle
E
Septum
F
Right Ventricle
G
Right Atrium
Prevent blood from flowing backwards.
Oxygen rich blood flows from here into
the aorta.
Separates the oxygen poor blood from the
oxygen rich blood.
Oxygen poor blood flows from here to the
lungs.
Oxygen poor blood returns from the body.
It then flows into here
9. Use arrows to show the flow of blood and indicate oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood:
10. Explain the order the blood flows through the heart: (see above too)
The Respiratory System
1.
What is the path that air takes when it enters the body? List the order:
Mouth – larynx – trachea – bronchi – bronchiole – alveoli
2. Label the Respiratory System:
A
Part
Pharynx/Epiglottis
B
Larynx
C
D
Trachea
Lung
E
Diaphragm
F
Bronchi
G
Alveoli
Function
Air moves from the nose downward into
this tube. Also known as your throat.
Plays a role in producing your voice. Also
known as your voice box.
Leads from the pharynx to the lungs
Air moves through smaller and smaller
bronchi until it reaches the alveoli
Dome shaped muscle that helps expand
and contract the chest cavity
Air moves from the trachea into the right
and left bronchus.
This is the site of exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
3. Give a brief explanation of the process of breathing. Then explain what happens when you inhale
and then exhale.
Process of Breathing: The physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs
What happens when you Inhale: When you breathe in the rib muscles contract, lifting the chest wall
upward and outward. At the same time, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward. The pressure
in the chest cavity decreases so air rushes in and fills the lungs.
What happens when you Exhale: – When you breathe out, or exhale, your diaphragm relaxes and
moves upward into the chest cavity, squeezing air out of the lungs
4. What is respiration?
Respiration is the chemical process by which organic compounds release energy, usually oxygen and
glucose.
5. There are two types of respiration, list and explain them:


aerobic, which requires oxygen and releases lots of energy
anaerobic, which does not require oxygen but releases much less energy per mole of starting
material
6. How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together in gas exchange to help the body
maintain homeostasis?
The circulatory system supplies oxygen from the lungs (through the process of inhalation) to
the body cells when the demand for oxygen increases. At the same time the circulatory
system takes away the waste, carbon dioxide, from the body cells to the lungs for removal
(through the process of exhalation).
7. Use the graph to answer the questions:
a. What is the approximate heart rate for the office worker at 4 minutes? _______
(150)
b. What is the approximate heart rate for the athlete at 4 minutes? ________ (120)
c. Why does the heart rate increase after exercise? The heart rate speeds up to
accommodate the body’s need for more oxygen
d. What are the variables in the graph? Pulse rate in beats/min. and Time (min.)