Download Circulatory System

Circulatory System
The heart and major blood vessels
One fist sized, pound, of cardiac
muscle located between the lungs.
Heart walls and coverings
Pericardium 2 layers of
protection around the
heart
1. visceral pericardium
(epicardium) forms
part of the wall of the
heart
2. parietal pericardium
loose membrane
composed of dense
connective tissue
Heart 3 layers
1. Epicardium –
connective covering
2. Myocardium - Muscle
3. Endocardium –
epithelial lining
Double Pump
1. Right side pumps
blood to the lungs the
beginning of the
Pulmonary circulation
2. The left side pumps
blood to the body.
 Systemic circulation
 Renal circulation
 Portal Circulation
 Hepatic Circulation
 Cranial Circulation
 Coronary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation (Lungs)
 Blood flows from vena cava
 into the r. atria that sends




blood
to the r. ventricle that
pumps deoxygenated
blood through the
pulmonary trunk to the r.
& l. pulmonary arteries
Through the lungs
returning oxygenated
blood to the
Pulmonary veins back into
the heart at the left atria
Systemic
Circulation
Blood flow to bones
and muscles.
The amount of
blood depends on
the need.
O2 is delivered with
growth hormone
CO2 and urea are
removed
Coronary Circulation
 Blood supply to the
heart.
 Own system fed by a
different artery from
other systems
 O2 and glucose are taken
in and CO2 and urea
removed
Hepatic Circulation
 Blood flow to
the liver
 Removes
cholesterol and
CO2
 Leaves O2 and
some
cholesterol
Portal Circulation (Intestines)
 Blood
carries in O2
and leaves
with
Glucose and
other
nutrients
Renal Circulation (Kidneys)
 Blood is filtered
through the kidneys
where CO2 and urea
(a toxic nitrogen
waste material) are
exchanged for O2
Cranial Circulation
 A double system of arteries
(internal carotid and vertebral)
that connect to the Circle of
Willis a circuit of arteries that
allows blood to flow to the
Dura mater in the event of a
clot in any one area.
 Carries in O2, glucose, and
cholesterol
 Takes out CO2 and Growth
Hormone
Heart
Chambers
2 atria on top, thin walls, low pressure
2 ventricles below, thick walls, high pressure.
Separated by the thick interartial
interventricular septum
The atria and ventricles separated by (AV)
atrioventricular valves
Inflow on the left regulated by the bicuspid
(mitral) valve open during contraction
Inflow on the right prevented by the
tricuspid valve open during relaxation
Intrinsic
Conduction System
1. Sinoatrial Node
2.
3.
4.
5.
(pacemaker) starts
conduction by sending an
impulse to the
Atrioventricular node the
impulse flows to the
AV Bundle in the septum
and splits out to the
Bundle branches and
further out to the walls of
the heart in the
Purkinje Fibers
Cardiac Cycle
 Cardiac cycle – refers to events of one complete heartbeat
 Diastole – muscle relaxes and chamber fills
 Systole – muscle contracts and blood is ejected
Heart Sounds
•2 heart sounds are heard
–“lub” – “dup” pause “lub” – “dup”
•“lub” – is the sound of the AV valves closing
•“dup” is the sound of the semilunar (mitral and tricuspid)
valves closing
•Abnormal sounds
–Murmurs – indicate leaky valves or narrow valves
–Split sounds – heart enlargement