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UNIT 6: DEVELOPMENT HOW IS DEVELOPMENT DEFINED AND MEASURED? Most Developed (MDCs) vs. Less Developed Countries (LDCs) Windhoek, Namibia Ginza Shopping District, Toyko Dubai Aerial photo of Dubai from 1950 Dubai aerial photos 1973 - 2006 Dubai's new metro line runs for 52 kilometers, it has 29 stations and separate compartments for first class passengers and for women. It also has wireless Internet service at all the stations and on the trains. It only took four years and 30,000 workers to finish the world's "longest fully-automated, driverless metro system." The metro cost €5.25 ($7.67) billion to build. Dubai is the first city in the oil-rich Gulf to introduce rail as a commuting option. Only six percent of Dubai's inhabitants use public transport, but the Dubai Metro is going to change that. By next summer, when the second line opens, planners expect passengers to take 200 million trips a year. The man-made island resort of Jumeirah Palm. This island also has a train system. Only problem is, it is not connected to the rest of the new public transport system -- and it has few riders. The opening of the Burj Dubai which will be the tallest building in the world and which was originally supposed to open on the same day as the new subway, has been postponed until December, 2009. The Burj Dubai is 2,684 (or ½ mile) feet tall. It is more than twice the height of the Empire State Building (1250 feet). How can the economic development of a country be measured? • GNP vs. GDP • Highest GDP per capita – Qatar $102,800 – Liechtenstein $89,400 – US #10 at $52,800 • Lowest GDP per capita – Zimbabwe $500 – DR Congo $400 GDP & Development • GDP does not always correctly gauge development – e.g. black market, uneven development… The Illegal Economy Estimated value of global drug trade: $400 Billion $400,000,000,000! Viktor Bout – International Arms Dealer “Merchant of Death” Global illegal arms trade worth tens of billions of dollars A Couple of his Clients…. Charles Taylor, Former Pres. Of Liberia Accused of war crimes for killing, mutilating & torturing thousands First, Second and Third World (1950s) The North-South Divide (1980) The Brandt Line Different Models of Development Liberal Models Structuralist Models Countries will develop along the same path Inequity exists because this are organized in a way that hinders development Rostow’s Modernization Model All countries go through five stages • Traditional Society – Subsistence farming, rigid social structure… • Precondition of Takeoff – National leaders move the country to open/diversify • Takeoff – Type of industrial revolution; urbanization • Drive to Maturity – More technology, specialization, international trade • High Mass Consumption – High income, large service sector, many goods & services “To Port get rich of Shanghai is glorious” Shanghai Mall Criticism: Rostow’s model suggests a single development path Rostow’s Stages of Development Characteristics Economy Society Political Power Values Stage One The Traditional Society Stage Two Preconditions for Takeoff Stage Three Takeoff Stage Four Drive to Maturity Stage Five Age of Mass Consumption Rostow’s Stages of Development Stage One The Traditional Society Stage Two Preconditions for Takeoff Stage Three Takeoff Stage Four Drive to Maturity Stage Five Age of Mass Consumption 4 2 3 1 5 Society 10 8 6 7 9 Political Power 14 11 15 13 12 17 20 18 16 19 Characteristics Economy Values