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Main Menu Print Back Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: B Chapter 06 Test B Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 1. The inertia of an object is determined by its acceleration. _________________________ ____ 2. The “law of inertia” is a name sometimes used to refer to Newton’s second law. _________________________ ____ 3. The sum of all forces acting on an object is given the name normal force. _________________________ ____ 4. The acceleration of an object is inversely related to the mass. _________________________ ____ 5. The law of conservation of energy can be used to predict motion of interacting objects after they collide. _________________________ Completion Complete each statement. Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list. first inertia acceleration normal second momentum force unbalanced third equal balanced equilibrium 6. An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight line summarizes a portion of Newton’s ____________________ law. 7. If the net force on an object is zero, the forces acting on it are ____________________. 8. The property of an object that resists a change in its motion is called _________________________. 9. Any action that is able to change the motion of a body is called a(n) ____________________. 10. A(n) _________________________ force may cause an object to accelerate. 11. Increasing the force on an object increases its ____________________. 12. The scientific law that states that every action force causes a reaction force of equal size in the opposite direction is Newton’s ____________________ law. 13. Every force creates a reaction force that is ____________________ in strength and opposite in direction. 1 Main Menu Print Name: ________________________ Back ID: B Matching Each questions gives a daily life scenario about objects in motion and at rest. Decide which of Newton’s three laws of motion best applies to each situation. a. b. c. ____ ____ ____ ____ Newton’s first law Newton’s second law Newton’s third law 14. 15. 16. 17. A cup of water sits motionless on a kitchen table. A boat moves through the water because of a rowing motion (using oars). A dropped basketball hits the floor and bounces back up. It takes more force to accelerate a loaded dump truck than it takes to accelerate a small car with one passenger. ____ 18. Spin a raw egg on the table, stop it with your hand, and remove your hand quickly. The egg will begin to spin again with no help at all! Short Answer An airboat is moving through the Florida Everglades. Four forces act upon the boat as shown in the illustration below. Force FA is 5500 newtons, Force FB is 1,000 newtons and Force FC is 6,000 newtons. Using the illustration and the information above, answer the following: Figure 6-1 19. What is value of force FD in Figure 6-1? 20. Arrange the expression of Newton’s second law in a formula to solve for mass of an object if you know the force applied to the object and you know the acceleration of the object. 21. A carpenter pounds a 0.005-kg nail into a board using a 1.000-kg hammer. If the hammer applies a force of 50 newtons on the hammer, what force does the nail apply on the hammer? 22. When you walk, you push against the ground with your feet. What pushes you and allows you to move forward? Use Newton’s third law to explain walking. 2 Main Menu Print Back Name: ________________________ ID: B 23. Explain why the balloon shown in the picture below moves forward if the balloon and the air exert equal and opposite forces on one another. Problem 24. Tom accelerates a box at a rate of 0.5 m/s2 using a force of 25 N. Assuming the surface on which the box moves is frictionless, what is the mass of the box? 25. A 50-kg boy standing on a friction-free skateboard throws a 5.0-kg ball backward off the skateboard at a speed of 10 m/s. At what speed does the boy move forward? 26. Calculate the momentum of a 20-kilogram cart moving at a speed of 2.0 meters per second. Essay 27. Brianna starts a lawnmower moving across the yard by applying a force of 75 newtons on the handle of the mower. According to Newton’s third law, the handle pushes back on Brianna with 75 newtons of force. Why does the mower move if the forces are equal and opposite? 3 Main Menu Print Back ID: B Chapter 06 Test B Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F, mass PTS: 1 2. ANS: F first 1st DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 3. ANS: F, net DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 1 DIF: basic T section 6.2 F, momentum REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 PTS: 4. ANS: REF: 5. ANS: PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 6.3 PTS: 1 7. ANS: balanced DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 8. ANS: inertia DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 9. ANS: force DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 10. ANS: unbalanced DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 11. ANS: acceleration DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 PTS: 1 12. ANS: third DIF: basic REF: section 6.2 DIF: basic REF: section 6.3 COMPLETION 6. ANS: first PTS: 1 1 DIF: basic Main Menu Print Back ID: B 13. ANS: equal PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 6.3 PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: MATCHING 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: A C C B A 1 1 1 1 1 intermediate intermediate intermediate intermediate intermediate REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: section 6.1 section 6.3 section 6.3 section 6.2 section 6.1 SHORT ANSWER 19. ANS: FD = 1,000 newtons For the boat to float on the water, a force of 1,000 N must balance the weight of the boat, F B = 1,000 N. PTS: 1 20. ANS: mass = DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.2 force acceleration PTS: 1 21. ANS: 50 newtons PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.3 22. ANS: When we walk, we exert a force on the ground with our feet. The ground exerts an equal and opposite reaction force back on our feet that moves us. It is the reaction from the ground that makes walking possible. PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.3 23. ANS: Conservation of momentum. The momentum of the air leaving the balloon (mass of air × velocity of air moving to left) equals the momentum of the balloon moving forward (mass of balloon × velocity of balloon moving to right). PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.3 2 Main Menu Print Back ID: B PROBLEM 24. ANS: 50 kg force = mass × acceleration mass = force 25 newtons = acceleration 0.5 m/s 2 mass = 50 kg PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.2 25. ANS: momentum of ball = momentum of boy mass of ball × speed of ball = mass of boy × speed of boy (5.0 kg) × (10 m/s) = (50 kg) × speed of boy speed of boy = 1 m/s PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate 26. ANS: momentum = m × v = 20 kg × 2.0 m/s REF: section 6.3 momentum = 40 kg ⋅ m/s PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.3 ESSAY 27. ANS: Answers may include: The forces are acting on different objects and do not cancel one another. The force has a larger effect on the mower because Brianna has a larger mass, which is more difficult to accelerate, so the mower is accelerated in the direction that Brianna is pushing. OR Brianna pushes on the ground with her feet and the ground pushes on Brianna. At the same time, the mower pushes on the ground, and the ground pushes on the mower. The mower moves because the ground is pushing Brianna forward harder than the ground is pushing the mower back. The unbalanced forces cause the mower to move forward. PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.3 3 Main Menu Chapter 06 Test B [Answer Strip] F _____ 1. F _____ 2. F _____ 3. T _____ 4. A _____ C _____ C _____ B _____ 14. 15. 16. 17. F _____ 5. A 18. _____ Print Back ID: B