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#13 Brushstrokes Image Grammar – Using Brushstrokes Adapted from Harry Noden’s Image Grammar Intro Write a sentence about the cat on the first line in your notes. Brushstrokes (You do not need to copy this down…) Just as visual artists learn different techniques with paints and brushes, writers need to employ different brushstrokes in their writing. Brushstrokes help a writer’s words and phrases become descriptive and detailed Brushstrokes in writing link to grammatical structures: words, phrases, clauses and syntax (word order) We will learn 5 brushstrokes: 1. Participles 2. Absolutes 3. Appositives 4. Adjectives out of Order 5. Action Verbs Building Blocks Noun – person, place, thing, or idea Verb – conveys action, occurrence, or state of being Adjective – describes, identifies, or further identifies a noun A complete sentence (independent clause) must include a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). Ex. Sam runs. Copy down Chart… Brushstroke Participles (and phrases) Absolutes Appositives (and phrases) Adjectives Out of Order Action Verbs Definition Examples How to take notes 1. Fill in the chart with definition and your own original example. 2. After you are finished with the presentation, write a 3-5 sentence paragraph summary of what you learned. Brushstroke #1 Painting with Participles Participle Definition A Participle is an “-ing” or “-ed” verb tagged on to the beginning or ending of a sentence (sometimes just after the noun). Example: Base Sentence: The diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey. Painting with Participles: Hissing, slithering, and coiling, the diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey. Participial Phrase Definition A participial phrase: a participle along with modifier (more detail). Example: Base Sentence: Hissing and coiling, the diamondscale snakes attacked their prey. Painting with participial phrases: Hissing their forked red tongues and coiling their cold bodies, the diamond–scale snakes attacked their prey. Participle Practice Write one sentence using at least one participle or one participial phrase about the clown. Brushstroke #2 Painting with Absolutes Absolute Definition A two word combination that is a noun + participle (“ing” or “ed” verb) OR noun + participial phrase added onto a sentence. Absolutes help add to the action of an image. Example: Base Sentence: The cat attacked the dog. Painting with Absolutes: Claws digging, feet kicking, the cat attacked the dog. Absolute Practice Write a sentence about the USA hockey team using one absolute. Brushstroke #3: Painting with Appositives Appositive Definition An appositive is a noun that adds a second detail/image to a preceding noun. It is set off with commas (note: commas plural!). Examples: Base Sentence: The raccoon enjoys eating turtle eggs. Painting with Appositives: The raccoon, a scavenger, enjoys eating turtle eggs. Appositive Phrase Definition Appositive phrase: an appositive with added detail. Examples: Base sentence: The raccoon, a midnight scavenger, enjoys eating turtle eggs. Painting with appositive phrases: The raccoon, a midnight scavenger who roams lake shorelines in search of food, enjoys eating turtle eggs. Appositive Practice Write one sentence using an appositive or an appositive phrase about the homeless woman. Brushstroke #4: Adjectives Out of Order Adjectives out of Order Definition Adjectives out of order amplify the details of an image; they create a spotlight and intensify the image by creating a different rhythm; usually used in fiction. Examples: Original Sentence: The large, red-eyed angry moose charged the intruder. Painting with Adjectives Out of Order: The large moose, red-eyed and angry, charged the intruder. Adjectives out of order Practice Write a sentence about the carousel using adjectives out of order Brushstroke #5: Action Verbs action Verbs Definition This is the process of eliminating the “passive voice” and verbs of being and replacing them with more active verbs. Examples: Original Sentences: The runaway horse was ridden into town by an old, whitewhiskered rancher. The grocery store was robbed by two armed men. Painting with Action Verbs: The old, white-whiskered rancher rode the runaway horse into town. Two armed men robbed the grocery store. Action Verb Practice Write one sentence using an action about the Mission Impossible Scene. Wrap up Rewrite your sentence about the cat in your notes using as many brushstrokes as possible! So……. Why do writers paint with words? Readers want a vivid picture. An amateur tells a story, but a professional shows it. Traits of Showing: Considers using all the five senses Includes specific details Uses vivid verbs, adjectives, and adverbs Uses comparisons such as similes 3-5 Sentence Summary Something that is becoming clear about writing with brushstrokes is…