Download 2015 Chorus Midterm Review Sheet

SPHS Midterm 2015
Chorus Review Sheet
accidentals – sharps, double sharps, flats, double flats, and naturals, when
introduced apart from the key signature
bass clef– the lower set of parallel lines in the grand staff
beam – a line connecting two or more notes of value less than a quarter note
beat – the rhythmic pulse in music
chord – the simultaneous sounding of two or more harmonic intervals
chromatic scale – a scale in which the tones are a half step apart
common time – in modern usage synonymous with meter, designated by the
symbol C
dotted note – a dot placed to the right of a note prolongs the duration of the note
by half its value
double bar – two vertical lines at the end of the staff indicating the conclusion of
the composition, or of a musical unit complete unto itself; two vertical lines in the
middle of a composition indicating a time change, key change, or separation
between verse and chorus
double flat – the pitch of an individual note not already flatted in the key
signature may be lowered another half step by the use of a double flat sign
double sharp – the pitch of an individual note not already sharpened in the key
signature may be lowered another half step by the use of a double sharp sign
duple meter – a meter of music in which each measure contains one strong
pulse and one weak pulse
fine – a word that marks the end of a musical composition
flag – a symbol attached to the note stem to designate a value of less than a
quarter note
flat – a sign placed before a tone to indicate the lowering of the pitch by one half
step, designated by the symbol
F clef – bass staff; designated by the symbol
grand staff – eleven lines, the center one implied, upon which musical symbols
are placed
G clef – treble staff; designated by the symbol
half note – a note half the value or duration of a whole note
half rest – a short thick line or horizontal bar that sits on the third line of the staff
to indicate silence
harmony – the science of chord construction and progression
interval – the difference in pitch between two tones, or the distance between two
pitches
intonation – producing musical tones that are in tune with one another.
ledger line – short lines used to extend the upper and lower ranges of the staff
measure – groups of tones separated from each other by vertical lines on the
music staff, rhythmically grouped in accented and unaccented beats
meter – grouping of pulses (or beats) within a meaure of music into patterns of
strong and weak beats
middle C – the tone placed on the implied line of the great staff
minor scale – a scale consisting of eight tones separated by whole steps
between one and two, three and four, four and five, six and seven, and seven
and eight and in which half steps occur between two and three and five and six.
In solfege, it is la based.
natural sign – sign used to cancel a sharp or flat
note – the symbol used to express pitch and its duration
octave – the distance between any given tone and the one produced by a
vibration twice that speed; if the half the step is the smallest recognized
difference between two tones, octaves can be divided into thirteen tones
equidistant in pitch
period – a complete musical sentence
phrase – part of a musical sentence, usually two to four measures in length
pitch – the highness and lowness of sound
quarter note – a note one-quarter the value of a whole note
rest – a symbol used for duration of silence
rhythm – the pattern of musical sound.
root – the name given to the bottom tone of a triad
scale – an ascending or descending series of tones arranged in definite order
within an octave
sharp – a sign used to raise the pitch of a tone by one half step #
simple meter – a musical composition meter in which each beat of each
measure is divisible by two
slur – a curved connecting two different pitches of continuous sound
staff – a series of parallel lines on which musical symbols are placed
stem – a vertical line attached to the note head
tempo – the rate of speed of a musical composition
tie – a curved line connecting two or more notes indicating continuous sound for
the combined duration of the connected notes
time signature – two numbers that appear in a piece of music as a simple
arithmetical action at the beginning of the first measure, indicating the time or
content of each measure
tone – a specific musical sound
treble staff – the highest set of parallel lines in the great staff
triad – a chord composed of three tones, each a third apart
triplet – three notes sounded in the time of two notes of the same value
tutti – when everyone performs at the same time
whole note – the note of longest duration in common usage
Tempo, Dynamics, and Mood
accelerando – accelerating, becoming faster
adagio – slowly, easily
allegro – fast, briskly
andante – at a walking pace
crescendo – becoming louder
decrescendo – becoming softer
diminuendo – see decrescendo
forte – loudly
fortissimo – most loudly
legato – smoothly connected
maestoso – majestically
mezzo forte – moderately loud
mezzo piano –moderately soft
moderato – at a moderate tempo
pianissimo – most softly
piano – softly
presto – quick
rallentando – gradually slackening in pace
ritardando – growing slower and slower
sforzando – sudden strong emphasis, suddenly go soft, gradually get loud
sotto voce – subdued voice
staccato – detached tones
Essentials of Music
characteristics of music – music is the art of combining tones into a form of
purposeful expression using melody, harmony, and rhythm
a. melody – any successive series of tones having a center or outline
and a rhythmic pattern. Two or more melodies sounding together is
called counterpoint.
b. harmony – the simultaneous sounding of tones “vertically,” as
opposed to melody, which is “horizontal.”
c. rhythm – a pattern of sounds conforming to a regularity of pulses or
beats. The pattern is created by accented and weaker beats.
basic notation – notation is the system of sings used in writing music.
a. the staff – music is written on a staff having five parallel, horizontal lines
and four spaces. Symbols called notes are placed on the lines and in the
spaces, and their specific location indicates their pitch.
b. the musical alphabet – the first seven letters of the alphabet – A, B, C, D,
E, F, and G – are used to name the lines and spaces of the staff. A note
takes the letter of the line or space where the note is placed; thus, the
seven notes are named A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Five additional tones
make up the elements of music.
c. MIDDLE C – located midway on the grand staff.
key signatures – a group of sharps or flats placed on a staff at the beginning of
each line of a composition show what sharps or flats are in the scale of the key.
note names- You must know the treble clef note names and the bass clef note
names.
Treble – egbdf, face (every good boy does fine, face)
Bass- gbdfa, aceg (good boys do fine always, all cows eat grass)
score analysis- Make sure you know the symbols in music, where to locate
them, what they mean, what they are called, etc.
solfege – do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do. Please make sure you can solfege a simple
melody given the Key or Do.