Download Aftermath of WWI

Europe before WWI
Europe after WWI
Country
Dead
Wounded
POW/MIA
Austria-Hungary
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
7,020,000
7,800,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
93,061
267,000
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
3,190,235
8,904,467
87,500
152,390
27,029
266,919
1,200,000
France
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
6,160,800
8,410,000
Germany
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
7,142,558
11,000,000
5,000
21,000
1,000
27,000
230,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
2,197,000
5,615,000
300
907
3
1,210
800,000
Montenegro
3,000
10,000
7,000
20,000
50,000
Portugal
7,222
13,751
12,318
33,291
100,000
Romania
335,706
120,000
80,000
535,706
750,000
Russia
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
9,150,000
12,000,000
Serbia
45,000
133,148
152,958
331,106
707,343
Turkey
325,000
400,000
975,000
2,850,000
US
116,516
204,002
0
320,518
4,734,991
8,528,831
21,189,154
7,746,419
37,464,404
65,418,801
Belgium
British Empire
Bulgaria
Greece
Italy
Japan
TOTALS
250,000
Total
Mobilized
HORRORS OF WWI
HORRORS OF WORLD WAR I
THE FINANCIAL COSTS OF THE WAR
Allied Powers
Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
United States
22,625,253,000
Great Britain
35,334,012,000
France
24,265,583,000
Russia
22,293,950,000
Italy
12,413,998,000
Belgium
1,154,468,000
Romania
1,600,000,000
Japan
40,000,000
Serbia
399,400,000
Greece
270,000,000
Canada
Central
Powers
Cost in Dollars in
1914-18
Germany
37,775,000,000
AustriaHungary
20,622,960,000
Turkey
1,430,000,000
1,665,576,000
Bulgaria
815,200,000
Australia
1,423,208,000
New Zealand
378,750,000
Total of all
Costs
60,643,160,000
India
601,279,000
South Africa
300,000,000
British Colonies
125,000,000
Others
500,000,000
Total of all Costs
125,690,477,000
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF WWI IN AMERICA?
•U.S. BECAME A WORLD SUPERPOWER
•U.S. ECONOMY GREW DURING THE WAR,
ALTHOUGH IT DID GO INTO A RECESSION
SHORTLY THEREAFTER
•BIRTH OF AN ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT
•BIRTH OF ANTI-AMERICANISM WITHIN THE
COUNTRY
•U.S. CULTURE WAS STARTING TO SPREAD
ABROAD
•BIRTH OF BLACK EMPOWERMENT MOVEMENT
•WOMEN WORKED OUTSIDE THE HOME IN HUGE
NUMBERS
•BIRTH OF ANTI-COMMUNISM
Six women war workers,
representing thousands of others,
were delegated to see President
Wilson to urge him to support
passage of the federal suffrage
amendment. These women were
employed at Bethlehem steel
company's plant at Newcastle,
Pennsylvania. They argued that
the women were serving the
government in war industries and
felt the urgent need of federal
enfranchisement.
1917-1918
suffrage riots in
front of the white
house gates.
Several of the
women picketing
were arrested.
WOMEN GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE WITH THE 19TH
AMENDMENT AUGUST 24, 1920
AMENDMENT XIX
THE RIGHT OF
CITIZENS OF THE
UNITED STATES TO
VOTE SHALL NOT BE
DENIED OR ABRIDGED
BY THE UNITED STATES
OR BY ANY STATE ON
ACCOUNT OF SEX.
CONGRESS SHALL HAVE
POWER TO ENFORCE
THIS ARTICLE BY
APPROPRIATE
LEGISLATION.
WOMEN’S CLOTHING BEGAN TO CHANGE
WOMEN AT
TURN OF THE
CENTURY
WOMEN IN THE
1920s
FEAR OF COMMUNISM
AFTER THE OCTOBER
REVOLUTION, THE
BOLSHEVIKS FOUGHT A
BLOODY CIVIL WAR
AGAINST THE MODERATE
MENSHIVIKS FOR
CONTROL OF RUSSIA.
AFTER THE BOLSHEVIKS WON THE CIVIL WAR, LENIN
RENAMED RUSSIA THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS (USSR) IN 1922
COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA
LENIN TURNED THE SOVIET UNION INTO A COMMUNIST
COUNTRY THAT WAS HOSTILE TO AMERICA’S CAPITALISTIC
ECONOMIC SYSTEM. UNDER COMMUNISM, ALL MEANS OF
PRODUCTION ARE CONTROLLED
BY THE GOVERNMENT. IN A
LENIN
STALIN
CAPITALIST SYSTEM MOST MEANS OF PRODUCTION ARE
OWNED BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS. LENIN HELD THE
PHILOSOPHY THAT COMMUNISM MUST EXPAND TO OTHER
NATIONS IN ORDER TO SURVIVE AND THRIVE.
FEAR OF OUTSIDE INFLUENCES LED TO
RESTRICTIONS ON IMMIGRATION
EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT OF 1922
RED SCARE
EVENTS IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AND MASSIVE STRIKES AT
HOME LED TO A FEAR THAT THE U.S. WOULD BE THE NEXT
TARGET OF COMMUNISTS
A LARGE NUMBER OF VIOLENT STRIKES SCARED MANY
AMERICANS WHICH LED TO A TIME OF WIDESPREAD
ANXIETY AND FEAR OF A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER
Republican Warren Harding
declared that "America's present need is not heroics, but
healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but
restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but
serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not
experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in
internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality...."
TRADITIONAL U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
WAS TO AVOID FOREIGN
ENTANGLEMENTS
“It is our true policy to
steer clear of permanent
alliances with any
portion of the foreign
world”
PRESIDENT GEORGE
WASHINGTON, 1796
REASON FOR ISOLATIONISM
FROM EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
ATTEMPTS AT DISARMAMENT
FOR THE U.S. TO HAVE CONTINUED
ECONOMIC GROWTH, WORLD STABILITY WAS
REQUIRED. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS GOAL THE
U.S. PARTICIPATED IN SEVERAL WORLD
DISARMAMENT CONFERENCES. SECRETARY
OF STATE CHARLES EVANS HUGHES HELPED
ORGANIZE INITIATIVES TO AVOID A NAVAL
ARMS RACE BETWEEN THE U.S., GREAT
BRITAIN, AND JAPAN.
WASHINGTON NAVAL CONFERENCE (192122) LIMITED THE NUMBER OF LARGE
WARSHIPS AND PROVIDED FOR A TEN YEAR
BAN ON THE BUILDING OF BATTLESHIPS.
NINE POWER ACT – RECOGNIZED THE OPEN
DOOR IN ASIA AND HELPED TO EASE
IMPERIALIST COMPETITION IN THE EAST.
FIVE POWER ACT - FROZE SHIP BUILDING
FOR TEN YEARS. SOME SHIPS SCRAPPED.
RATIOS SET AT 5:5:3:1.75:1.75 BETWEEN
U.S., GB, JAPAN, FRANCE, ITALY.
CHARLES EVANS
HUGHES
WAR DEBTS CAUSE CONFLICT
• U.S. HAD LOANED THE ALLIES MONEY
DURING WWI, AND DEMANDED REPAYMENT
• PASSAGE OF FORDNEY-MCCUMBER TARIFF
(1920) CUT EUROPEAN EXPORTS TO U.S.
FROM 5 BILLION TO 2.5 BILLION IN 1922.
• ALLIES NEEDED TO GET MONEY FROM
GERMANY TO PAY THE U.S. AND DEMAND
REPARATIONS FROM GERMANY.
• GERMANY WAS IMPOVERISHED AS A
RESULT OF WWI AND BORROWED MONEY
FROM U.S. BANKS TO GIVE TO ALLIES
GERMAN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AFTER
WORLD WAR I
In January 1921,
German currency was worth 64 marks to the dollar.
By November 1923,
Currency value was 4,200,000,000,000 marks equaled one
dollar.
In 1918 a loaf of bread cost just over half a mark.
By 1922 the cost had risen to 163 marks for a loaf of
bread.
By November of 1923 a loaf of bread cost 201,000 million
marks.
FRENCH TROOPS ENTERING GERMAN RUHR,
1923
Kellogg Briand Pact
Treaty Providing for the Renunciation of War as an
Instrument of National Policy
Signed in Paris, August 27, 1928 Entered into force 24 July 1929
ARTICLE I
The high contracting parties solemnly declare in the names of
their respective peoples that they condemn recourse to war for
the solution of international controversies, and renounce it as an
instrument of national policy in their relations with one another
LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE 1930