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Causes of the Civil War
States Rights
North's View
The Federal Government has the highest authority for making
laws and the Southern states should give in to those laws.
South's View
Popular Soverignty gives states and people the right to do
what is best for their particular state.
The Federal Government does not have the right to interfere.
If the Federal government gets too strong it is time to create
new government.
Outcome
United States Civil War
Missouri Compromise
North's View
Supports statehood for Missouri and Maine as free states.
Does not want slavery to expand into Louisiana Territory.
Opposes any solution that makes more slave states.
South's View
Supports statehood for Missouri as a slave state.
Believes slaveholders have the right to settle anywhere.
Opposes any solution that makes more free states than slave states.
Outcome
Missouri joins a slave state.
Maine joins as a free state.
Power is balanced at 12 states each.
Outlawed slavery in the LA. territory above 36/30 N.
Tariff of Abominations and
Nullification Crisis
North's View
Tariff will help Northern industries and strengthen our country.
South's View
Tariff is unfair and the federal goverment is overstepping it bounds and taking away states
rights - the law is NULL (void)
SC says if they don't change it we will break away from the U.S.
Outcome
Tariff is repealed a little at a time.
Compromise eases tension.
Seeds are planted for succession.
Compromise of 1850
North's View
Supports statehood for California as a free state.
Wants to ban slavery in New Mexico and Utah.
Demands an end to slavery and slave trade in D.C.
Opposes any fugitive slave law.
South's View
Opposes letting free states gain majority in the Senate.
Opposes California being added unless other territories are open to slavery.
Believes slavery should expand to Utah and New Mexico
Believes congress has no power to deal with slavery issue (state right).
Demands stronger fugitive slave laws.
Outcome
California added as free state.
Utah and New Mexico vote on issue of slavery.
Slave trade in Washington DC was abolished.
Fugitive Slave Act was passed.
Fugitive Slave Act
North's View
If a runaway slave makes it into free territory they should gain their freedom.
South's View
Slaves are property, if they are not returned or are helped to escape it is no
different than stealing from the owner.
Outcome
Slave "catchers" became more common.
Underground Railroad (with Harriet Tubman) helped many escape to the North
and Canada.
$40,000 reward offered for Tubman (dead or alive).
Tension between North and South grew.
Dred Scott Decision
North's View
The Constituion does not limit citizenship to white people only.
By taking Scott to free territory, his owner gave up his right to treat Scott as a slave.
Congress can make laws banning slavery.
South's View
Scott was born a slave, not a citizen, and has no right to sue.
Scott returned to Missouri as a slave and should remain one.
Congress does not have the right to deny slavery.
Outcome
Scott is not a citizen and can't sue in federal court.
Supreme Court said the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and congress does not
have the right to ban slavery in the territories.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
by: Harriett Beecher Stowe
North's View
Showcased the evils of slavery to not only the United States but the world.
It provided international sympathy for African American slaves.
It was an attack on the Fugitive Slave Law.
South's View
Protested the book and wrote several books in response.
Would have seen the book as anti-slave propoganda.
Outcome
Created worldwide sympathy for slaves.
Allowed those outside of abolitionist groups to read about the evils of slavery.
Possibly kept Britian from entering the war on the side of the South.
The book sold 300,000 copies in its first year.
Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying, "So you wrote the book that started this
great war."
Kansas-Nebraska Act
North's View
Congress is giving in to the slave power of the South.
Kansas will be admitted as a free state in 1861.
South's View
Slavery can be expanded in new territories after becoming a state because now
the settlers can vote on the issue.
It repeals the Missouri Compromise which said no slave states above the 36, 30
parallel and the Compromise of 1850.
Outcome
The newly created Republican party (created in response to the act) became the
dominant force in the North.
The act would lead to "Bleeding Kansas."
North's View
"Bleeding Kansas"
Pro-slavery men from Missouri are moving into the Kansas territory to vote for
slavery.
South's View
Anti-slavery men from the Northeast (known as Jayhawkers) are moving into
the Kansas territory to vote against slavery.
Outcome
"Bleeding Kansas" became a mini civil war between pro-slavery and antislavery people.
In the end anti-slavery settlers would win the population race and vote Kansas
as a free state in 1861.
Economic and Social Differences between
the North and the South
North's View
The North was based around industry and the growth of cities. Immigrants
provided cheap labor in the industrious North. Northern business owners
benefitted with trade from the South. Many people of the North began to
oppose slavery.
South's View
The South was primarily agriculturaly based and relied heavily on cotton.
Three out of four white families did not own slaves but believed in the
practice. The majority of wealth was found in the plantation owners.
Slavery was seen as a way of life and essential for work in the cotton fields,
the major cash crop.
Outcome
The two different cultural societies did not start the war but did create
friction between the two regions.
North's View
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln will win the presidency as a Republican ( a new, northern
party) without a single vote from the South.
South's View
The Democratic party will be divided into Northern and Southern factions,
losing strength to win the election because votes are split between Douglas,
Breckenridge, and Bell.
Outcome
With Lincoln winning the presidency, South Carolina will secede from the
Union December 20, 1860.
Several Southeren states will soon follow.
The Firing of Ft. Sumter SC, April 12, 1861
North's View
Union soldiers will not leave Ft. Sumter which is located off the coast of South
Carolina even though the state had seceded from the Union and given an
ultimatum for the troops to leave.
Secession is illegal and once a state always a state.
The Union must be preserved and we will fight to keep it together.
South's View
Lincoln would not recognize the seceded states as their own government or
negotiate a peace treaty.
The Federal troops were given an ultimatum to leave and when they did not
comply the South fired on the fort until surrender.
A state comes into the union by its own free choice and may secede whenever
it chooses. the South and its way of life must be preserved and we seceded
because our rights were threatened.
Outcome
The beginning of the Civil War.