Download File - Cummings Middle School

The Civil War ends in April of 1865
Confederate
General Robert E.
Lee surrendered to
American General
Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox Court
House, Virginia.
92
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address stated that, “no
state…can lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged
there would be no war unless the South started it.
“no State upon its own
mere motion can lawfully
get out of the Union; that
resolves and ordinances to
that effect are legally
void…
I therefore consider that in
view of the Constitution and
the laws the Union is
unbroken”
88
Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
Primarily addressed to the people of the South and was intended to
succinctly state Lincoln’s intended policies and desires toward that
section, where seven states had seceded from the Union.
The Famous Generals of the Civil War
The Confederacy (South)
Ulysses S. Grant
Stonewall Jackson
The Union (North)
William Tecumseh Sherman
Robert E. Lee
86
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
Anaconda Plan
Battle of Antietam
First major battle of the Civil War to take place on Union
soil.
Abraham Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863, setting all
slaves in the Confederate states
free.
Yet, because in 1863 the war was still being fought, not a single slave
was freed. Still, many slaves knew about the Proclamation and
began to do their part to see that the Confederacy was defeated. 87
Emancipation Proclamation
The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was
the turning point in the Civil War where
Lee’s army is defeated.
Hey, baby. Wanna
check out my
severed leg?
90
Gettysburg Address
Site of the Battle of Gettysburg – July, 1863
President Lincoln gives a speech to dedicate a
cemetery to the men who died there and to
encourage Americans to finish the war.
91
Ulysses S. Grant
Battle of Gettysburg
Largest number of casualties in the Civil War
Battle of Vicksburg
A long land and naval campaign by Union forces to capture a
key strategic position during the Civil War.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address(1865) was meant to
help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil
War. It stated the South should be treated fairly with justice
and kindness when they return to the Union.
With malice [hatred]
toward none, with charity
for all,…let us strive on
to…bind up the nation’s
wounds, to care for him
who shall have borne the
battle and…to do all
which may achieve and
cherish a just and lasting
peace among ourselves…
89
Fort Wagner Assault
The 54thh Massachusetts was one of the 1st
African-American regiments organized to
fight for the Union in the Civil War.
William Carney
1st African
American to be
awarded the
Congressional
Medal of Honor for
his acts of bravery
in the assault on
Fort Wagner.
Julia Ward Howe
William Tecumseh Sherman
General for the Union Army recognized for his harsh military strategy
Philip Bazaar
Born in Chile, South America he was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United
States’ highest military decoration for valor in combat during the Civil War.
Appomattox Court House
• Civil War ended with a Union victory
when Lee surrendered to Grant.
Morril Act
1862- provided each state with federal land, land was to be
sold to establish public colleges
Homestead Act
1862- signed by Lincoln, 160 acres of government land granted to settler if
land was improved with home, crops, etc. Resulted in a large number of
European immigrants
The Assassination of President Lincoln
Jacksonian Democracy Elections (1824-1840)
Year
Candidates
Outcome
Details
1824
John Quincy Adams (R)
Andrew Jackson (D-R)
Henry Clay (D-R)
6th President
John Q. Adams (D-R)
VP: John C. Calhoun
1828
John Q. Adams (Whig)
Andrew Jackson (Dem)
7th President
Andrew Jackson (Dem)
VP: John C. Calhoun
Jackson won by a large
Andrew Jackson won
margin
the popular vote, but
Voting privileges were
not the majority.
open to any male 21 years
House of Reps had to
or older (they did not
decide the winner.
need to own land)
Henry Clay dropped out
Jackson appealed to the
and backed Adams.
common people
John Q. Adams wins
Favored state rights
and names Clay his
“Victory for the common
Secretary of State which people”
is why the election is
Important Events
Tariff of Abominations
called the …
(1828)
“Corrupt Bargain”
Spoils
System
Adams Beliefs:
Kitchen Cabinet
1) Fed gov’t should
Bank War
support economy
- AJ vetoes recharter
2) promote arts/science
-vs Nicholas Biddle
* Adams was an
Indian Removal Act
unpopular President
(1830)
Democrat
1832
Henry Clay (Whig)
Andrew Jackson
(Dem)
7th President
Andrew Jackson (Dem)
VP: Martin Van Buren
.
Whig
.
1836
William H. Harrison
(Whig)
Martin Van Buren (Dem)
8th President
Martin Van Buren (Dem)
VP: Richard Johnson
Van Buren wins
Jackson wins easily
Van Buren’s Beliefs
common people
supported Jackson & 1) cut back on govt
spending
rejected National
2) tried to establish a
Bank
stable banking system
New Politics
3) laissez faire: hands off
- caucuses
economic affairs
- nominating
Important Events
Important Events
Panic of 1837: banks
Spoils System
couldn’t cash bonds
Kitchen Cabinet
from land sold in the
West
Worcester vs Georgia
-states printed more
(1832)
money what was
Nullification Crisis
not backed by gold or
(1832) SC
silver
National Banks
- inflation occurred
charter
- cotton prices fell
expires (1836)
- banks closed
** economic depression
“Pet banks”
1840
William H. Harrison
(Whig)
Martin Van Buren (Dem)
9th President
William H. Harrison (Whig)
VP: John Tyler (Whig ticket)
William Harrison wins
“Tippecanoe & Tyler too”
Whigs Plan
1) new U.S. Bank
2) improve infrastructure
** Harrison dies of
pneumonia on his
32nd day in office
10th President
John Tyler (Whig ticket)
Democrat beliefs
Whig Congress passes
bank bill
- Tyler vetoes the bill
Tyler’s beliefs are more
aligned with Democrats
- accomplishes little
89
Presidents Studies 11-16 (1845-1865)
Year
Candidates
Outcome
Details
1845-1849
1849-1850
Democratic
.
1853-1857
Whig / Republican
.
1857-1861
1861-1865
Henry Clay (Whig)
James K. Polk (Dem)
Zachary Taylor (Whig)
Lewis Cass (Dem)
Winfield Scott (Whig)
Franklin Pierce (Dem)
John C. Fremont
(Republican)
James Buchanan (Dem)
Abraham Lincoln (Rep)
John Breckinridge (Dem)
Stephen A. Douglas (Dem)
11th President
James K. Polk
VP: George M. Dallas
12th President
Zachary Taylor
VP: Millard Filmore
14th President
Franklin Pierce (Dem)
VP: William Rufus King
15th President
James Buchanan (Dem)
VP: John Breckinridge
16th President
Abraham Lincoln
VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1st)
Andrew Johnson (2nd)
First “dark horse” (little
known) candidate to
win
Expansionist President
Manifest Destiny was
complete under his
Presidency,
boundaries
extend to Pacific Ocean
after the MexicanAmerican War
Texas Republic, 1845
Mexican-American War,
1846-1848
Oregon Territory, 1848
Seneca Falls Convention,
1848 Women’s Rights
General in the U.S. Army
No Formal Education
Hero of the MexicanAmerican War
Died in office after 16
months
General in the U.S. Army
during the MexicanAmerican War
Gadsden Purchase, 1853
Kansas-Nebraska Act,
1854
Bleeding Kansas, 1854
Youngest President at
the
time, 48 years old.
13th President
Millard Filmore (Whig)
President credited w/
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law, 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
Wife started the
Presidential Library in
the White House
From Buffalo, NY (Hospital
named after him there)
Only President never to
have
married
“Save the Union”
candidate
Near the end of his term,
seven
states seceded,
forming the
Confederate States of
Pierce: 48 yrs, 101 days
America (CSA)
T. Roosevelt: 42 yrs, 322 Dred Scott vs Sanford,
d
1857
Obama: 47 yrs, 169 days Raid on Harpers Ferry,
VA 1859
First Republican
President
Six weeks into his first
term,
the attack at Fort
Sumter
begins the Civil War
Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation (freeing
slaves)
Assassinated by John
Wilkes
Booth at the start of
his
second term
Tallest President, 6’4”
90
Andrew Johnson
• Became
President after
Lincoln’s
assassination.
Wanted to treat
the South
leniently.
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Reconstruction
Social
Studies
Success
Reconstruction Act
This act established
direct military rule
over former
Confederate states
until new
governments could
be formed.
Ulysses S. Grant
18thh U.S. President
His administration was
characterized by weak
presidential leadership
and widespread
corruption.
Radical Republicans
A Faction of American politicians within the Republican
Party from before the Civil War to the end of
Reconstruction. Believed blacks were entitled to the same
political rights as whites.
In 1865, the Freedmen’s
Bureau was created by
Congress to provide education and medical care to former
slaves and to protect their legal rights.
Freedman’s Bureau
• Created to help
freedmen
adjust and to
set up schools
to educate
them. They
were given
food, clothing
and medical
care.
Sharecropping
A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use
the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
AFRICAN AMERICANS
HIRAM REVELS – FIRST
BLACK SENATOR
• African Americans took an
active role in the political
process in the South
• They voted in record numbers
and many ran for office
• Hiram Revels was the first
black Senator
• After the failure of
Reconstruction, Black Codes
often restricted African
Americans right to vote
95
The years immediately after the Civil War are known as
“Reconstruction”. Because much of the South was
destroyed during the war, it was now time to reconstruct
it. During this time, three very important amendments
were added to the Constitution.
The Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865): Slaves received their
freedom and finally ended slavery in the U.S.
14th Amedment Gave citizenship and due process to anyone
born in the U.S.
15th Amendment (1870): Gave black men the right to vote
(19th Amendment (1920): gave women the right to vote)
94
th
13 Amendment
Abolished slavery,
passed in 1865
Granted U.S. citizenship to all former slaves,
provide all citizens with “due process of law.”
th
15 Amendment
Guaranteed voting rights to former slaves
Carpetbagger
Northern born white Republicans who moved south after the war
Southern born white Republicans, Southerners believed these people
were betraying the South.
Ku Klux Klan
Secret group first
set up in the South
after the Civil War.
Members
terrorized African
Americans.
Reconstruction
Social
Studies
Success
Dawes Act of 1887
The act provided that
each Indian family be
given 160 acres of land.
All remaining tribal lands
were opened to whites.
The act nearly destroyed
Native American Indian
culture.
Dawes Homestead Act
Bill designed to break up tribes & promote
assimilation into U.S. society
Bessemer Process
In 1855, Henry
Bessemer
developed a new
method of making
steel.
Walt Whitman
He became one of
the nation’s greatest
poets during the19th
century.
Wrote Leaves of
Grass
Mark Twain
He was the first major
American writer born
away from the East
Coast.
He wrote Adventures of
Tom Sawyer and
Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn
John Philip Sousa
He was an early
composer for brass
bands.
He is most famous for
The Stars and Stripes
Forever.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU4A_qJ3
tps://ww
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3pM
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Transcontinental
Railroad
The Indian Wars
A series of battles
from the 1840’s to
the 1880’s
between the U.S.
military and Native
Americans in an
effort to clear
routes to the West.
Hiram Rhodes Revels
1st African American Elected to Congress
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Primary Sources are the original records of an event.
They include eyewitness reports, records created at the
time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved
in the event, photographs and artifacts.
Secondary Sources are the later writings and
interpretations of historians and writers. Often
secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide
118
summaries of information found in primary sources.