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3 Who’s your hero? Past simple: be and regular verbs (positive and negative); was born / were born Vocabulary: multi-word verbs (1), memory words Read and listen a Look at the photos and the title. Why do you think this woman is a hero for some people? Read the text quickly and check your ideas. Erin Brockovich, an American woman, was born in Kansas. She studied at a business college for a year, then she moved to southern California and married a restaurant manager. In 1990, when she was thirty years old, she was in a car accident. A law company helped her after the accident, and later she started to work for them. Her job was to organise papers. One day Erin realised that there were lots of papers about some very sick people in a place called Hinkley. She started to look for more information about the town. Erin worked very hard for five years. She visited lots of sick people in Hinkley and listened to their stories. All the people lived near a big Pacific Gas and Electric factory and she discovered that there was a chemical called chromium in the local water. It was from the factory and Erin believed that the people were sick because of the chromium in their drinking water. She planned to help them. In 2000, there was a film about Erin Brockovich. Julia Roberts played Erin and the film was very successful. Now Erin is famous – she has her own company and she gives talks all over the world. Get it right! Which is correct? Don’t look at the text! She married / married with a restaurant manager. They lived near / near of a big factory. Erin and her boss started a law case against the Pacific Gas and Electric company. The company wasn’t happy about this. They didn’t agree that the people were ill because of the water – but in 1996 the judge ordered Pacific Gas and Electric to pay the people in Hinkley $500,000 each (there were 600 sick people, so that was $333 million in total). b realise = understand a situation factory = people make things here play = be a character in a film CD1 T23 Now read the text again and listen. Answer the questions. 1 What was Erin’s job at the law company? 2 Why did Erin start to look for more information about Hinkley? 3 Where did the sick people in Hinkley live? 4 What was Erin’s theory about why the people were sick? 5 How much money did Pacific Gas and Electric pay to people in Hinkley? 6 What does Erin Brockovich do now? 28 UNIT 3 c Do you think the people in Hinkley were happy with the result of the law case? 2 Grammar Past simple: be a Look at the text on page 28. Underline examples of the past simple of the verb be. b Complete the table. Positive Negative Question I/he/she/it was I/he/she/it (was not) she/it? you/we/they (were not) they? you/we/they were c Complete the sentences with was, wasn’t, were or weren’t. 1 In 1990, Erin accident. was I/he/ Yes, I/he/she/it No, I/he/she/it you/we/ Yes, you/we/they No, you/we/they . (was not). . (were not). 3 Pronunciation CD1 T24, T25 and T26 in a car Turn to page 124. 4 Grammar 2 A lot of people in Hinkley sick. 3 Short answer was born / were born The drinking water in Hinkley clean. chromium in Look at the example. Complete the sentences with your information. 5 The bosses at Pacific Gas and Erin Brockovich was born in 1960. She was born in the USA. 4 There the water. Electric happy. 6 Ten years later, there 1 I was born in (year). 2 I was born in a film (place). about the Hinkley case. d Complete the questions with Was or Were. 1 Was Erin Brockovich British? 3 it her job to drive a car for the law company? 4 there lots of papers about sick people in Hinkley? 5 the water in Hinkley clean? 6 a lot of people in Hinkley sick? e a the film Erin Brockovich successful? Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 2d. Get it right! We say She was born (✗ She borned). Ask other students. When were you born? Where were you born? she single? 2 7 5 Speak b Work with a partner. Ask and answer about family members. Complete the table for your partner’s family. A: When was your sister born? B: In 1998. Where were your parents born? A: My mother was born in Rome and my father … Name Year Place grandfather A: Was Erin Brockovich British? B: No, she wasn’t. She was American. UNIT 3 29 6 Grammar d Past simple: regular verbs a 1 study 3 studied (try) to phone my friend on Saturday, but no-one (answer). (visit) my aunt and uncle in Australia. 6 My father help (order) a pizza. (want) to go to the cinema, and my friend Alex (agree) to come with me. 5 Last year we (stop) watching TV and (help) me with my homework. 4 start 5 realise e 6 visit 7 I 4 I 2 marry 3 Last night, I studied (study) for today’s test. 2 There was no food in the house, so we Look back at the text on page 28. Find the past simple form of these verbs. 1 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple form of the verbs. Look at the example and complete the table. The company didn’t agree that the people were ill because of the water. live 8 believe Positive Negative I/you/he/she/it/we/they wanted I/you/he/she/it/we/they 9 plan 10 order b Look at the verbs in Exercise 6a. Complete the rule. f RULE: We use the past simple to talk about finished actions in the past. want Complete the sentences. Use the past simple form of the verbs in the box. start talk tidy stay rain study not clean not finish not like not watch not play not say 1 2 3 4 5 6 With regular verbs, we usually to the verb add (work – worked, start – started). If the verb ends in e (for example, live), we add . If a short verb ends in one vowel + consonant (for example, plan), we double the and add ed. If the verb ends in consonant + y (for example, study), we and add change the y to . c 30 Write the infinitives of these past forms. 1 I started a painting but I didn’t finish it. 2 They 1 painted 2 enjoyed 3 3 happened 4 Helena 4 arrived 5 I 5 tidied 6 He 6 hoped UNIT 3 in an expensive hotel, but they the food. It interesting! all day on Saturday, so we TV last night. She my room, but I for a long time, but he tennis. for her test. the windows. anything 7 Listen a b c MY HERO – DOROTHY STANG Pete made a poster about his hero for a class presentation. Look at the poster and the sentences. How many of the sentences can you complete? born: 1931 in USA CD1 T27 Listen to Pete’s presentation. Find information to complete the other sentences in the poster. decided to change her life moved to Brazil Why is Dorothy Stang Pete’s hero? wanted to protect the trees in the rainforest PA RA BR A ZI L died in 2005 8 Vocabulary Brasilia Multi-word verbs (1) a Look at the examples from the listening. 1 Dorothy Stang was born in , in DDayton, Ohio, USA. . 2 She moved to Brazil in of Brazil. 3 Pará is in the 4 She was Woman of the Year in Pará in . of , 2005. 5 She died on the now. 6 The men who killed her are in Can you come up here please? A lot of people wanted to cut down the trees. Think of other verbs you know that end with up or down. b CD1 T28 Match the sentences with the pictures. Then listen, check and repeat. 1 Climb up! 2 Pick it up, please! 3 C B A Put them on! 4 Get in! 5 Take it off! 6 Come down! 7 2 Get out! E 8 Put it down! c Look at the verbs in Exercise 8b. Match them with their opposites. F D climb up – come down d Work with a partner. Think of different situations where you can use the verbs in Exercise 8b. Vocabulary bank G H Turn to page 135. UNIT 3 31 9 Read and listen a Look at the photos. Do you know where these things are? b CD1 T29 Read the text quickly and listen. Check your ideas. Countries, cities and people all have their own heroes. There are different kinds of heroes: politicians, soldiers, film stars, sport stars and musicians. And there are many different ways of remembering them, too. Here are some of the things that we do to make sure that we don’t forget our heroes. • Sometimes we build statues or sculptures of heroes, especially of politicians and soldiers, but sometimes of writers too. Many cities in South America have a statue of Simón Bolívar (he helped lead many South American countries to independence). And the famous Mount Rushmore in the USA remembers four US presidents of the past. • We often remember soldiers and other people who died in war with a monument, like the Monument to the People’s heroes in Beijing, China, or a memorial, like the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris. • Some countries have a special remembrance day, like the one every January in the USA for Dr Martin Luther King, the human rights leader. 32 UNIT 3 • When Lady Diana Spencer died in 1997, in Paris, many people left flowers and messages near the place where the car accident happened. Now there is a Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park in London. • Sometimes places are named after famous people: for example, Liverpool, in England and Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil both have airports named after local musicians, John Lennon and Tom Jobim. • In Hollywood, The Walk of Fame has the names of film, TV and music celebrities in stars on the pavement. Very famous celebrities have their handprints, footprints and autographs in concrete at Hollywood’s Grauman’s Chinese Theatre. Different countries and people remember their heroes in different ways, including many ways that are not mentioned here. Perhaps in your country there are some different ways – what are they? lead = take in the right direction war = fighting using soldiers name after = give someone or something the name of another person pavement = a path by the side of a road that people walk on Get it right! Which is correct? Don’t look at the text! Some politics / politicians are heroes. Many cities in America of the South / South America … c Write Read the text again and: 1 give four examples of different kinds of ‘heroes’. a a hero. Read the text that Dave wrote about his hero. Match the questions with the paragraphs. Write numbers 1–3 in the boxes. say when Martin Luther King Day is. a 2 give an example of a statue to remember 3 4 give two examples of places named after b Why is this person a hero for you? famous people. c Who is your hero? 5 say what the Walk of Fame is. d What did this person do? Work in pairs or groups. Answer the questions. 1 Which of the people in the text did you already know about? 2 What other ways can you think of to remember heroes? 3 How are heroes remembered in your country? 0 Vocabulary Memory words forget unforgettable memories memory remember memorial forgetful 1 I have lots of great memories of our holiday last year. 2 It was a fantastic day – I’ll always 3 My brother has an amazing names and faces. it. for 4 When you finish using the computer, don’t to switch it off. 5 There’s a new statue in our town – it’s a to a famous writer from our country. 6 My friend Allie didn’t remember my birthday, or his sister’s birthday! He’s so . 7 We went to Paris last weekend. We had a holiday. great time – it was an For your portfolio My hero is Helen Thayer. She was the first woman to walk to the magnetic North Pole alone. 2 Helen Thayer was born in New Zealand and she lived there when she was a girl. Later, she lived in Guatemala for four years and then in the United States. When she was fifty, she had a dream. She wanted to walk to the North Pole alone, and she decided to do it. On her journey, Helen didn’t have any help. She was completely alone except for her dog, Charlie, a Canadian husky. The journey was very difficult. She walked 345 miles in temperatures of –50°C! Once, seven polar bears attacked Helen and Charlie. Charlie saved Helen’s life. 3 Helen Thayer is my hero because she had a dream and she was determined to make it come true. She was always positive, even in very dangerous and difficult situations. Use a word from the box to complete each sentence. Get it right! We say I forgot my mobile or I left my mobile at home. (✗ I forgot my mobile at home). b Think of someone you think is a hero. Write three paragraphs about your hero. Use Dave’s example to help you. 2 Speak Make a poster about your hero. Then give a presentation to the class. UNIT 3 33 Egyptian heroes: the pharaohs History in mind What do you think? What do you know about ancient Egypt? Do you know anything about pharaohs? 2 Listen a CD1 T30 Read and listen to the text. Write the letters from the pictures in the correct place in the text. B C F D E A Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the River Nile between 3100 BC and 31 BC. There were two areas called Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. The ruler of these areas was called a pharaoh. He was very powerful and he represented the gods on Earth. In Egyptian sculptures and drawings the pharaoh wears and carries special symbols. • The red and white crown represented the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt. • The pharaoh also used a blue crown to go to war. and the vulture represented the goddesses Wadjet and Nekhbet. They • The cobra protected Upper and Lower Egypt. • The false beard represented Osiris, the god of the dead. • The pharaoh also carried two sceptres b . They represented his authority. CD1 T31 Listen to the tour guide talking about the temple of Deir el-Bahri and Pharaoh Hatshepsut. Circle the correct answer. nsweer. 1 The tourists are / aren’t in The Valley of the Kings. 2 Hatshepsut was a man / woman. 3 Hatshepsut was a pharaoh for 24 / 22 years. 4 Most pharaohs were men / women. 5 A relief is a kind of sculpture / drawing on a flat surface. 6 The relief represents an expedition / Hatshepsut. 7 There are / aren’t any statues of pharaohs in the temple. 8 Hatshepsut is represented as a man / woman. 3 Speak Work with a partner. Look at the statue of Hatshepsut. How many symbols can you find? What do they mean? 34 UNIT 3 Get it right! there was or there were ? Common errors 3 put or put on ? Use there was + singular noun and there were + plural noun. Use there was with two singular nouns: ✓ There was a film and a play. ✗ There were a film and a play. a You put something in a place but you put on clothes. You get in a car or taxi but you get on a bus or train. You get out of a car or taxi but you get off a bus or train. Complete p Sally’s y blogg with was or were. Complete the sentences with the correct verb. 1 I’m working as a volunteer in Guanajuato, Mexico. Last week there 1 was a big cultural festival here − the Festival Internacional Cervantino: • There • There • There • There • There b 2 Carla, please b It’s cold. a a big orchestra. 4 drama classes for children. a 5 famous singers and dancers. b 6 great food and drink too. 3 a get out of / get off the bus at the park. Please the car and walk. CD1 T33 Listen and repeat the words. shopping (wash) change shopping (watch) kitchen washing-up finish switch off I write / I’m writing to invite you to my party. 2 Elaine writes / is writing cards every Christmas. We pronounce the letters We pronounce the letters I call / I’m calling my friends every night. listens / is listening to the radio in German. the taxi! We’re late! Then put the words in the correct column and complete the explanation. Circle the correct words. 6 She’s speaking / She speaks German and often the 8 o’clock CD1 T32 Listen and repeat the sounds and words. R wash R watch b ✗ Hi grandma, I phone to say happy birthday. Are you listening / Do you listen to me? your coat. (wash) and (watch) ✓ Hi grandma, I’m phoning to say happy birthday. 5 Ben, I speak / I’m speaking to you. your bag here. Say it right! Use the present continuous, not the present simple, with the verbs phone, call, write, listen, speak, do, etc. when the action is happening now: 4 Hello! We call / We’re calling to book a table. put A lot of people train to Oxford. b 3 2 Are you listening? 3 a 2 get in / get on a flamenco show and a ballet. Work with a partner. Write a blog about a festival, a concert or a film. Use there was and there were. 1 put / put on c as . as . Work with a partner. Say the sentences. 1 Can you switch off the TV on the shelf? 2 Charles has to do the washing-up in the kitchen. 3 Change the channel. Choose another show. 4 Josh finishes his homework before lunch. UNIT 3 35