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Cornell Notes – Geography and Early Egypt Name Date Topic – Geography and Early Egypt Class/Subject - Chapter 4 Section 1 Chapter Questions Chapter Notes 1. Why was Egypt called “gift of the Nile?” Egypt was called the “gift of the Nile” because the Nile River was so important. Without the “gift” of flooding that provided the rich soil for crops, civilization probable would not have developed in Egypt. 2. Why was it important to the Egyptians that the Nile’s flooding was consistent? It provided a bountiful growing season every year, and people knew they could count on a food supply in the future. About two thirds of the farmland was located in the Nile Delta. Instead of four seasons, they Egyptian year had only three: akhet, when the Nile flooded the valley; peret, when the Nile receded; and shomu, when water was scarce. 3. How did farmers use the Nile to grow their crops? They built canals to direct the Nile’s water to the fields. The Nile provides life: fertile soil for crops, water for people, animals, and irrigation. 4. Why might the ruins of early Egyptian settlements lack evidence of protective walls? Egyptian settlements had natural barriers to provide protection: deserts, bodies of water, and cataracts along the Nile. 5. How did the pharaoh’s crown display the unification of Egypt? The pharaoh Menes combined the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown of Lower Egypt to symbolize his rule over both lands. Pharaoh means “great house.” He started the first dynasty of Egypt (a series of rulers from the same family). 6. What can you conclude about the evidence we have for Menes’s accomplishments? He built a new capital city at the southern tip of the Nile Delta names, Memphis. He was a strong ruler that encouraged government and artistic activity. The city prospered. He placed the capital on an island in the Nile, probably to protect it from invaders and to help him control the Nile Delta. 7. Which part of Egypt – Upper or Lower-do you think was more valuable to a ruler? Why? Lower Egypt, because it had the extremely fertile delta and access to the Mediterranean. 8. Where did the First Dynasty extend its power? How did the First Dynasty end? The Dynasty extended Egyptian territory southward along the Nile and into southwest Asia; challengers took over Egypt and established the Second Dynasty. Additional Questions 1. Draw a venn diagram. Use it to show the differences and similarities between the Nile River in Egypt and the Tigris /Eurphates Rivers in Mesopotamia. Additional Information Egypt Predictable flooding pattern Mesopotamia provide water, irrigation led to increased Destructive, unpredictable crop production, silt flooding. enriched the soil, civilizations arose on the banks. Summary Ancient Egypt began in the fertile Nile River Valley. Two kingdoms developed and later united under one ruler. Egyptian territory grew.