Download AP World History - Chapter 22: Industrial Revolution Practice Test

AP World History - Chapter
22: Industrial Revolution
Practice Test Name:
1. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the population grew because of
[A] a reduction in warfare.
[B] improvements in medical treatments.
[C] the migration of Africans into Europe.
[D] the introduction of rice and kale into the European diet.
[E] reliable food supplies and widespread resistance to disease.
2. The result of the 19th century population explosion in Europe was migration
[A] from plains to river valleys.
[B] from seashore to mountains.
[C] out of Britain to France in search of new farmland.
[D] from the country to the city.
[E] from the city to the country.
3. What new crop became an important aspect of the Agricultural Revolution?
[A] wheat
[B] rice
[C] the soy bean
[D] the potato
[E] the tomato
4. The Agricultural Revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in
[A] rich farmers sharing agricultural techniques with poor farmers.
[B] widespread starvation.
[C] rich farmers “enclosing” their lands and poor farmers becoming landless.
[D] rich farmers refusing to plant on their lands, thereby causing a famine.
[E] an increase in the “two field method.”
5. In rural areas manufacture was carried out through cottage industries where
[A] silk and cotton textiles were manufactured together.
[B] merchants and factory owners collaborated to “cottage” a lower wage.
[C] a factory owner “put-out” his workers to work in other factories.
[D] workers led an idyllic working life.
[E] merchants delivered raw materials to craftspeople and picked up the finished product.
6. Which of the following is not one of the factors that gave Britain a “head start” on the Industrial Revolution?
[A] it was highly commercial, and many people were involved in production and trade.
[B] it recovered from the Plague more quickly than the rest of Europe.
[C] it had the largest merchant marine.
[D] it was the world’s leading exporter of tools, guns, hardware, and other crafts.
[E] it enjoyed a high standard of living and a “fluid” society.
7. Aware that Britain had a head start, other countries of Europe
[A] eliminated internal tariff barriers and opened technical schools.
[B] refused to buy Britain’s overpriced goods.
[C] determined to eschew industrialization and return to feudal manufacturing.
[D] initiated wars with Britain to protect markets.
[E] began using Chinese mass production methods.
8. New forms of energy were important for industrialization such as
[A] horse power.
[B] the steam engine and electricity.
[C] hydroelectric.
[D] gas turbine engines.
[E] wind and water energy.
9. Josiah Wedgwood’s innovations in porcelain were made possible by
[A] painstaking and skillful artisans.
[B] abusing and overworking his workers.
[C] copying techniques used in Delft, Holland.
[D] using mass production methods.
[E] using industrial spies to learn Chinese methods.
10. What does it mean to use a “division of labor” in manufacturing?
[A] Using “division” as well as other mathematical functions.
[B] Dividing the labor unions in order to weaken them.
[C] Dividing the work force into capitalists and communists.
[D] Dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
[E] Having the worker make the entire product.
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11. England began importing raw cotton because
[A] the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth.
[C] to support the southern states during the American Civil War.
[E] there was no other source of cheap clothing.
[B] it badly needed the raw material for its mills.
[D] its export was stopped by other countries.
12. Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textiles was/were
[A] the rotary weaving engine.
[B] the steam engine.
[C] the fulling press and the iron “foot.”
[D] the power loom and the thread “genie.”
[E] the spinning jenny and the water frame.
13. According to the chapter, what are the two advantages of mechanization?
[A] Cleaner air and water.
[B] Lower prices and increased productivity
[C] Less pollution and better job satisfaction.
[D] Better worker safety and higher wages.
[E] Better working conditions and customer satisfaction.
14. Iron production was transformed by Abraham Darby’s discovery that
[A] mills operated with hydroelectric power produced stronger iron.
[B] coke could be used in the place of charcoal in the smelting process.
[C] taconite was a by-product was more valuable than the iron itself.
[D] machines could do the work of hammering the iron better than humans.
[E] people worked better for higher wages.
15. An example of the enormous quantities of iron & glass produced was the huge greenhouse named:
[A] Hermitage. [B] Buckingham Palace. [C] London Bridge.
[D] Crystal Palace.
[E] the Washington Bridge.
16. The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt’s
[A] bicycle.
[B] saddle.
[C] cotton gin. [D] light bulb. [E] steam engine.
17. Oceangoing ships initially did not use steam power because
[A] they could not carry enough coal for a voyage.
[C] early engines tended to pollute the sea.
[E] it was too expensive to produce.
[B] coal was too expensive for long voyages.
[D] steam engines tended to explode at sea.
18. European industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were stimulated by
[A] stealing the plans of British industries.
[B] American banking advances.
[C] using skilled English workers and machines.
[D] the increase in literacy.
[E] first building a railroad network.
19. What invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?
[A] The telephone
[B] The electric telegraph
[C] The phonograph
[D] Radar
[E] The battery
20. One profound impact that industrialization had on the world was that
[A] Europe went into a slow decline due to worldwide competition.
[B] Europe and North America were empowered at the expense of the rest of the world.
[C] The raw material of Africa made it the center of industrialization.
[D] The availability of cheap labor in Asia caused its markets to expand rapidly.
[E] Workers’ wages and quality of living rose quickly.
21. The most dramatic environmental change caused by the Industrial Revolution was
[A] the growth of urban populations.
[B] the increase arable land.
[C] the growth of child prostitution.
[D] relatively high incomes among the poorer classes.
[E] the movement of population to the countryside.
22. Which of the following is not true of urban poor neighborhoods?
[A] They were often filled with overcrowded tenements.
[B] The danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high.
[C] The houses were often mixed in with factories.
[D] Most poor urbanites lived in factory owned apartment buildings.
[E] There was an atmosphere of filth, pollution, and sewage.
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23. The most obvious change in rural life during the industrial revolution was
[A] population shift to rural areas.
[B] electrical power.
[C] increase in leisure time.
[D] the appearance of new roads, canals, and railroads.
[E] the increase of political power of rural residents at the expense of industrial centers.
24. Factory work represented a complete transformation in the nature of agricultural work because
[A] workers felt that they had lost control over their work. [B] industrial accidents were common.
[C] workers felt little job satisfaction.
[D] the jobs were repetitive, unskilled, and boring.
[E] All of these
25. Industrial work had an enormous impact on the family because
[A] it provided a steady income for families.
[B] children were happier in factories than on farms.
[C] work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day.
[D] the move to the city made families happier and more stable.
[E] factory work was safer than farm work.
26. Women typically earned
[A] nothing as their service was “tenure” service to the owner.
[C] twice as much as men.
[E] one third to one half as much as men.
[B] as much as men.
[D] ten percent of what men made.
27. Single women and married women both did factory work but for different reasons, such as
[A] married women worked to put their children through school.
[B] single women worked to make friends and be social.
[C] single women worked for excitement and fun.
[D] married women worked if their husbands were unable to support their families.
[E] married women worked if their husbands worked in a dangerous job.
28. Factory work provided families with
[A] the same amount of earnings that families earned as farmers.
[B] plenty of earnings to pay rent and buy food, and extra for leisure activities.
[C] adequate earnings to pay rent and buy food, but with nothing left over for entertainment.
[D] the opportunity to advance themselves through social contacts.
[E] insufficient earnings to make ends meet.
29. Much of the industrial workforce was composed of child labor. Children workers
[A] learned a great deal from their work and were able to apply their skills later in life.
[B] were educated at the company’s expense as mandated by law.
[C] worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day and were beaten to stay awake.
[D] preferred work to attending school.
[E] were only permitted by law to work a half day.
30. Many factory owners opened their factories with a commitment to decent wages and housing,
[A] and continued to improve the lot of workers.
[B] but soon rejected female workers in favor of child laborers.
[C] but eventually lowered wages and imposed longer hours.
[D] but soon converted to machine driven looms.
[E] None of these
31. The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and
[A] made many share croppers rich.
[B] lowered the demand for wool.
[C] created a high demand for slaves.
[D] created a high demand for mulch.
[E] lowered the demand for silk.
32. Although the Industrial Revolution is generally viewed as a period of progress, economic growth and prosperity was
[A] not steady, swinging between hard times and recovery.
[B] short lived as many societies sank back into feudalism.
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[C] not experienced by wealthy merchants because they were oppressed by government.
[D] only experienced by the landowning gentry if they bought factories.
[E] much poorer than in pre-Industrial times.
33. The Industrial Revolution’s real beneficiaries were the
[A] middle class
[B] the serf class.
[C] wealthy merchants.
[D] working class.
[E] landowning gentry.
34. The role of the middle-class women became management of the home, children, and servants, otherwise known as
[A] “children, kitchen and church.”
[B] the “factory at home.”
[C] the “female world of home.”
[D] “home, sweet, home.”
[E] the “cult of domesticity.”
35. What does Adam Smith propose in The Wealth of Nations?
[A] The government should carefully regulate business.
[B] The government should carefully allocate resources to insure the best possible use of them.
[C] The government should not interfere in business.
[D] The government should protect workers.
[E] The government should leave business alone, except for enacting protective tarrifs.
36. Thomas Malthus’s explanation of workers’ misfortunes was that
[A] population was outgrowing the food supply.
[C] the government was uncaring.
[E] workers were immoral and destined to fail.
37. When Britons spoke of “the dismal science,” they referred to
[A] chemistry.
[B] ecology.
[C] economics.
[B] the weak would perish and the strong would survive.
[D] workers needed to work harder and longer hours.
[D] etymology.
[E] engineering.
38. French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders, this was known as
[A] Darwinism.
[B] positivism. [C] totalitarianism.
[D] communism.
[E] humanism.
39. Charles Fourier and other opponents of capitalism advocated
[A] a return to manorialism.
[B] the wisdom of the mercantile system
[C] anarchy in the U.K.
[D] utopian socialism.
[E] a theocracy of Protestant ministers.
40. Which of the following was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment?
[A] changing their jobs frequently.
[B] being absent on Mondays.
[C] rioting and going on strike.
[D] signing petitions and presenting them to the town government.
[E] doing poor quality work.
41. The Factory Act of 1833
[A] created separate guilds for male and female workers.
[B] granted women equal pay for equal work.
[C] enacted safety laws.
[D] increased wages for all workers of Great Britain and Scotland.
[E] prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine.
42. As a result of industrialization, the relationship between Western Europe and the non-Western world
[A] remained the same.
[B] worsened through the savagery of the slave trade.
[C] became based on Western dominance.
[D] became dominated by the non-Western world through their monopoly of raw materials.
[E] improved through increased communications.
43. How does industrialization change China’s relationship with the West?
[A] Industrialization causes Chinese and Western workers to unite.
[B] Europe demands massive Chinese immigration for factory work.
[C] European steam powered gunboats humiliate China’s military.
[D] China’s industrialization puts them on an equal footing with the West.
[E] European nations “share the wealth” with China.
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