Download Weathering and Erosion Vocabulary

Name: ____________________________
Science 7 - ____ Johnston Date: _________________________
Weathering and Erosion Vocabulary
Chapter 7 – Sections 1&2: Rocks and Weathering & Soil Formation and Composition
1) ____________________: The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by water, ice, wind,
or gravity
2) ____________________: Rich fertile soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
3) ____________________: The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil
4) ____________________: The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock
and soil
5) ____________________: The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow
6) ____________________: The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other
minerals
7) ____________________: The solid layer of rock beneath the soil
8) ____________________: The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface
9) ____________________: The process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and
expands
10) ____________________: A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below
it
11) ____________________: The mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals that form the crumbly
topmost layer of soil
12) ____________________: The type of weathering in which rock is broken into smaller pieces
13) ____________________: An organism that breaks down large molecules from dead organisms into
small molecules and returns important materials to the environment
14) ____________________: Characteristic of materials such as sand and gravel that allow water to pass
easily through them
15) ____________________: Dark-colored organic material in the soil
16) ____________________: The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Word Bank:
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
soil horizon
loam
weathering
permeable
topsoil
erosion
soil
subsoil
abrasion
bedrock
litter
ice wedging
humus
decomposer
Soil Texture
Directions: Label the particles of soil.
1
2
3
4
1) _________________
3) _________________
2) _________________
4) _________________
Chapter 7 – Section 3: Soil Conservation
1) ___________________: The area of the Great Plains where wind erosion caused soil loss during the
1930s
2) ___________________: A thick mass of grass roots and soil
3) ___________________: The management of soil to prevent its destruction
4) ___________________: A resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
5) ___________________: Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year’s
crop are left in the ground to hold the soil in place
6) ___________________: The process of plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss
Word Bank:
renewable resource
conservation plowing
Dust Bowl
soil conservation
contour plowing
Loam Composition: Directions: Correctly label each piece of the pie chart.
3) ______________________
1) ______________________
4) ______________________
2) ______________________
5) ______________________
6) ______________________
Soil Horizons: Directions: Correctly label each soil horizon and
what the layer is composed of.
Horizon
Horizon Composition
1) ______
__________________________________________
2) ______
__________________________________________
3) ______
__________________________________________
4) ______
__________________________________________
1
2
3
4
sod
Chapter 8 – Sections 1&2: Erosion and Water Erosion
1) ____________________: Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the
ground
2) ____________________: A large stream
3) ____________________: A large channel in soil formed by erosion
4) ____________________: The land area from which a river and its tributaries collect their water
5) ____________________: Water that fills cracks and pores in underground soil and rock layers
6) ____________________: The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock
and soil
7) ____________________: A stream that flows into a larger stream
8) ____________________: The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is
carrying it and is deposited in a new area
9) ____________________: A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water
10) ____________________: A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill
11) ____________________: A broad, flat valley through which a river flows
12) ____________________: Small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms that are moved by
water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition
13) ____________________: A sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain
range
14) ____________________: A ridge of land that separates one drainage basin or watershed from another
15) ____________________: A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave
16) ____________________: A type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the
surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys
17) ____________________: Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill
18) ____________________: The crescent-shaped, cutoff body of water that remains after a river carves a
new channel
19) ____________________: A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an
ocean or lake
20) ____________________: A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave
21) ____________________: A looping curve formed in a river as it winds through its flood plain
Word Bank:
erosion
gully
tributary
stalactite
sediment
stream
meander
deposition
flood plain
oxbow lake
groundwater
mass movement
drainage basin
alluvial fan
karst topography
runoff
river
stalagmite
rill
delta
divide
Chapter 8 – Sections 3-6: Moving Water, Glaciers, Waves & Catastrophic Events
1) ____________________: A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt
2) ____________________: The mixture of sediments deposited directly on the surface by a glacier
3) ____________________: Energy that an object has because of its motion
4) ____________________: A cold period in Earth’s history during which glaciers covered large parts of
the surface
5) ____________________: A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island
6) ____________________: Energy that is stored and held in readiness
7) ____________________: Wind erosion that removes surface materials
8) ____________________: A huge mass of ice that moves slowly over land
9) ____________________: The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by water, ice, wind,
or gravity
10) ____________________: The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land
11) ____________________: An event that results from Earth processes and that can cause damage and
endanger human life
12) ____________________: The movement of water and sediment along a beach caused by waves
coming into shore at an angle
13) ____________________: The amount of sediment that a river or stream carries
14) ____________________: A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain
valley
15) ____________________: A deposit of wind-blown sand
16) ____________________: A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier
17) ____________________: The ability to do work or cause change, such as moving an object some
distance
18) ____________________: Wave-washed sediment along a coast
19) ____________________: A type of movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the
water moves every which way
20) ____________________: A force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each
other
21) ____________________: A small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till
22) ____________________: A beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the
water
Word Bank:
energy
turbulence
plucking
sand dune
potential energy
continental glacier
moraine
deflation
kinetic energy
valley glacier
longshore drift
natural hazard
abrasion
glacier
kettle
loess
load
ice age
beach
friction
till
spit