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Vocabulary
Vocabulary Words
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Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Sediment
Abrasion
Oxidation
Soil
Humus
Topsoil
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Subsoil
Bedrock
Horizon
Mass Movement
Erosion
Deposition
Glacier
Deflation
Mechanical Weathering
• Is when rocks are
broken down and are
torn apart by physical
force, rather than by
chemical breakdown.
Chemical Weathering
• Is when Chemical
reactions break down
the bonds holding the
rocks together, causing
them to fall apart,
forming smaller and
smaller pieces.
Sediment
• Is the rock or soil that
comes from erosion and
ends up as little chunks
carried by water.
Abrasion
• The scraping of a rock
surface by friction
between rocks and
moving things
Oxidation
• Is when oxygen
combines with ironbearing silicate minerals
causing "rusting"
Soil
• Soil consists of a
mixture of weathered
rock, finely ground into
powder, minerals, and a
variety of living and
dead life forms.
Humus
• brown or black, partially
decomposed plant or
animal material that
forms the organic
portion of soil.
Topsoil
• The upper part of the
soil.
Subsoil
• The layer or bed of
earth beneath the
topsoil
Bedrock
• The solid rock that
underlies loose
material, such as soil,
sand, clay, or gravel.
Horizon
• Soil is made up of
distinct horizontal
layers; these layers are
called horizons.
Mass Movement
• Mass movement is the
down slope movement
of earth materials
under the influence of
gravity.
Erosion
• The eating away of
surface material
from the Earth’s
crust.
Deposition
• Process where material
is added to a landform.
Glacier
• A sheet of ice
that moves
slowly over time.
Deflation
• The erosion caused by
the wind