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Vocabulary Vocabulary Words • • • • • • • • Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Sediment Abrasion Oxidation Soil Humus Topsoil • • • • • • • • Subsoil Bedrock Horizon Mass Movement Erosion Deposition Glacier Deflation Mechanical Weathering • Is when rocks are broken down and are torn apart by physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown. Chemical Weathering • Is when Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces. Sediment • Is the rock or soil that comes from erosion and ends up as little chunks carried by water. Abrasion • The scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving things Oxidation • Is when oxygen combines with ironbearing silicate minerals causing "rusting" Soil • Soil consists of a mixture of weathered rock, finely ground into powder, minerals, and a variety of living and dead life forms. Humus • brown or black, partially decomposed plant or animal material that forms the organic portion of soil. Topsoil • The upper part of the soil. Subsoil • The layer or bed of earth beneath the topsoil Bedrock • The solid rock that underlies loose material, such as soil, sand, clay, or gravel. Horizon • Soil is made up of distinct horizontal layers; these layers are called horizons. Mass Movement • Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. Erosion • The eating away of surface material from the Earth’s crust. Deposition • Process where material is added to a landform. Glacier • A sheet of ice that moves slowly over time. Deflation • The erosion caused by the wind