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Earth Science Chapter 7 Worksheet 1 Name ____________________________ Block ____________________________ Match the definitions to the correct word or term ____ 1. oxidation A. erosion of running water in small channels on the side of a slope B. vertical sequence of soil layers ____ 2. soil horizon ____ 3. gully erosion C. The process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces ____ 4. mechanical weathering D. the chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances ____ 5. deposition E. the process by which rocks on or near Earth’s surface break down and change ____ 6. weathering F. soil that develops from parent material which is similar to local bedrock ____ 7. soil G. a wide and deep channel caused by erosion ____ 8. transported soil ____ 9. frost wedging H. the removal and transport of weathered material from one location to another I. loose covering weathered rock and decayed organic matter overlying Earth’s bedrock ____ 10. rill erosion J. ____ 11. chemical weathering K. occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another location ____ 12. hydrolysis L. the repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks ____ ____ 13. residual soil 14. soil profile M. distinct layer within a soil profile N. the process by which outer rock layers are stripped away ____ 15. erosion ____ 16. exfoliation O. soil that has been moved away from its parent material by water, wind, or a glacier P. the process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition as the result of chemical changes the reaction of water with other substances Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 17. What erosional agent accounts for most of the erosion on Earth’s surface? a. Water b. Wind c. Glaciers d. Living things 18. What is the underlying force of all agents of erosion? a. Magnetism b. Gravity c. Friction d. Light 19. The variables that most affect the weathering process are rock composition and what? a. Topography b. Surface area c. Living things d. Climate 20. What is the chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances called? a. Precipitation b. Hydrolysis c. Oxidation d. Humidity 21. Which is not an agent of chemical weathering? a. Water b. Oxygen c. Carbon dioxide d. Wind 22. Which of the following characteristics of water can be responsible for mechanical weathering? a. Water flows downstream under gravity b. Water expands when it freezes c. Water combines with atmospheric gases to form acid precipitation d. Water reacts with and can dissolve many kinds of minerals 23. Which of the following could increase the rate of chemical weathering of a rock? a. Moving it to a location with few plants and animals b. Moving it to a drier climate c. Increasing its total surface area d. Moving it to a colder climate 24. There can be no stream erosion or glacial erosion without a. Gravity b. Hydrolysis c. Wind d. Deposition 25. Which describes residual soil? a. Soil from sediment deposited by glaciers b. Sand that has collected in a floodplain c. Fine-grained sediment that was deposited by wind d. Layers of material that weathered from bedrock below 26. Which soil horizon is a zone of accumulation consisting of soluble minerals that have been carried by water from above? a. A-horizon b. B-horizon c. C-horizon d. O-horizon 27. A mature soil most likely possesses which characteristic? a. Thin B-horizons b. Thick B-horizons c. Fertility d. Dark color Answer the following questions 28. How does climate influence the rate of weathering of earth materials? 29. Contrast mechanical and chemical weathering and give examples of each 30. What unique feature does water exhibit in response to temperature changes? 31. Name one reason why precipitation today is more acidic than precipitation in the 1800s.