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Earth Science
Chapter 7
Worksheet 1
Name ____________________________
Block ____________________________
Match the definitions to the correct word or term
____
1. oxidation
A. erosion of running water in small channels on the side
of a slope
B. vertical sequence of soil layers
____
2. soil horizon
____
3. gully erosion
C. The process by which rocks and minerals break down
into smaller pieces
____
4. mechanical weathering
D. the chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances
____
5. deposition
E. the process by which rocks on or near Earth’s surface
break down and change
____
6. weathering
F. soil that develops from parent material which is similar
to local bedrock
____
7. soil
G. a wide and deep channel caused by erosion
____
8. transported soil
____
9. frost wedging
H. the removal and transport of weathered material from
one location to another
I. loose covering weathered rock and decayed organic
matter overlying Earth’s bedrock
____
10. rill erosion
J.
____
11. chemical weathering
K. occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another
location
____
12. hydrolysis
L. the repeated thawing and freezing of water in the
cracks of rocks
____
____
13. residual soil
14. soil profile
M. distinct layer within a soil profile
N. the process by which outer rock layers are stripped
away
____
15. erosion
____
16. exfoliation
O. soil that has been moved away from its parent material
by water, wind, or a glacier
P. the process by which rocks and minerals undergo
changes in their composition as the result of chemical
changes
the reaction of water with other substances
Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
17. What erosional agent accounts for most of the erosion on Earth’s surface?
a. Water
b. Wind
c. Glaciers
d. Living things
18. What is the underlying force of all agents of erosion?
a. Magnetism
b. Gravity
c. Friction
d. Light
19. The variables that most affect the weathering process are rock composition and what?
a. Topography
b. Surface area
c. Living things
d. Climate
20. What is the chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances called?
a. Precipitation
b. Hydrolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Humidity
21. Which is not an agent of chemical weathering?
a. Water
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Wind
22. Which of the following characteristics of water can be responsible for mechanical
weathering?
a. Water flows downstream under gravity
b. Water expands when it freezes
c. Water combines with atmospheric gases to form acid precipitation
d. Water reacts with and can dissolve many kinds of minerals
23. Which of the following could increase the rate of chemical weathering of a rock?
a. Moving it to a location with few plants and animals
b. Moving it to a drier climate
c. Increasing its total surface area
d. Moving it to a colder climate
24. There can be no stream erosion or glacial erosion without
a. Gravity
b. Hydrolysis
c. Wind
d. Deposition
25. Which describes residual soil?
a. Soil from sediment deposited by glaciers
b. Sand that has collected in a floodplain
c. Fine-grained sediment that was deposited by wind
d. Layers of material that weathered from bedrock below
26. Which soil horizon is a zone of accumulation consisting of soluble minerals that have been
carried by water from above?
a. A-horizon
b. B-horizon
c. C-horizon
d. O-horizon
27. A mature soil most likely possesses which characteristic?
a. Thin B-horizons
b. Thick B-horizons
c. Fertility
d. Dark color
Answer the following questions
28. How does climate influence the rate of weathering of earth materials?
29. Contrast mechanical and chemical weathering and give examples of each
30. What unique feature does water exhibit in response to temperature changes?
31. Name one reason why precipitation today is more acidic than precipitation in the 1800s.