Download Year 6 - Great Leighs Primary School

Year 6
Grammar and Punctuation
Revision Booklet
Connective section:
Circle the most suitable connective to complete the sentences below
1. Anne went to the hospital ……………….. she had broken her arm.
However
because despite yet
2. The girls completed the marathon……………….having a stitch.
However because despite yet
3. The snow lay thickly on the floor………………. school was open.
However because despite yet
4. The elderly lady continued on his way……………….it was getting dark.
Unless as although because when since
5. Do not come in the room………………………a red light is on.
Unless as although because when since
6. People rushed toward the river Trent…………the fire was out of control.
Unless as although because when since
7. Alan fell asleep on the settee……………………he was so tired.
Unless as although because when since
8. Precious gobbled her food…………………she saw the cat coming.
Unless as although because when since
Write an ending for these sentences
1. The lion roared loudly when……………………………………………………….
2. The lion roared loudly because…………………………………………………….
3. The lion roared loudly although……………………………………………………
4. The lion roared loudly until………………………………………………………..
5. The lion roared loudly so…………………………………………………………..
6. The lion roared loudly if……………………………………………………………
Grammatically correct sentences
Fill in the blanks so the sentences are grammatically correct.
1. The window was …………………………by the ball.
2. The car…………………..into the fence.
3. The cat nearly got …………………over by the car.
4. The fence……………………..down in the high winds.
5. The lake was ……………………………with ice.
6. The two girls………………………………..at Victoria Centre shopping centre.
7. Mum………………………..cupcakes all day.
8. We………………..playing in the park.
9. I………………….walking down the street.
10. They ………………………..playing football at the park.
11. I………………….so proud to swim 25 metres.
12. Wendy ……………………………horse riding in her best shoes.
13. Today……………………the best day ever!
14. I feel like……………………..to see my friends.
15. The mouse…………………………..into the hole at top speed.
16. The cattle………………………led into the milking parlour.
17. I am……………………………..the the toilet.
18. We are…………………………………..town to get some a game for our console.
Challenge: Write 10 sentences that are grammatically correct.
Complete the following sentences using either I or me.
1. I wanted my family to watch……………….. play football.
2. After we went horse riding, Molly and ……………were cold.
3. Mrs Ingle asked Dylan and………………to collect the books.
4. Fred and………………. went to the skateboard park.
5. Today Francesca and…………………. went shoe shopping.
6. After Ice skating, Louis and…………………ached all over.
7. I wanted Mum and Dad to see…………………….sing at school.
8. Mrs Ingle told Fred and……………..off because we were naughty.
9. After we saw One Direction, Libby and……………….. had no voice!
10. …………………feel like laughing when someone falls over.
Have a look at these sentences.
Circle the words that should have a capital letter.
For the words you circled, explain why they need a capital letter.
1. peter kay is coming to the ice arena in december.
2. chinese students come to nottingham to learn english.
3. molly`s favourite subject is english, she takes her exams in june.
Missing verbs… have…..are………….is……………..has
Each of the sentences below is missing a verb. Write in the missing verb.
1. Louis and Ryan …………………gone outside.
2. The children…………………………..working hard in literacy.
3. Louis…………….forgotten his homework.
4. Mrs Ingle……………………..writing on the interactive white board.
5. Molly and Demi……………………have gone horse riding in the snow.
6. Class four……………………reading Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
7. The snow……………………fallen like a blanket on the ground.
8. Mandy………………….the tallest in our class.
9. Fred and Bill ………………………tell the best jokes.
10. Precious the dog ………………………excited to go for a walk in the snow.
Challenge:
Now write ten sentences using the correct verb.
Turn these questions into a command.
1. Could you get my coat?
2. Could you pass the tomato sauce?
3. Can you lend me £1?
4. Could you get my skateboard?
5. Could you fix my Lego?
6. Could you take my plate away?
7. Could you bring your glass down from your bedroom?
8. Can you bring me your dirty washing?
9. Can you take the rubbish to the bin?
Punctuation
Read the sentences and add the punctuation you think is most likely.
1. What did you have for tea last night
2. Wow you look beautiful
3. Tim looked around the classroom
4. Molly felt sick as she saw another child vomit
5. How did you do that
6. Oh dear what a terrible accident
7. The dog ran out in front of a car
8. Where did you get those shoes from
9. I think you look amazing
10. Oh no
11. What made you become a teacher
12. How did you feel today
13. Who is the best teacher in the world
14. The car rolled down the hill
15. The mouse scuttled into the hole
16. The cat ate the mouse
17. The dog chased the cat
18. Gosh is that true
19. How on earth did you get stuck in that hole
What is the plural for the following words?
1. Tooth
21. life
2. Deer
22. thief
3. Sheep
23. half
4. Bird
24. leaf
5. Child
25. loaf
6. Woman
26. plate
7. Man
27. dish
8. Toy
28. glass
9. Chimney
29. lolly
10. Spy
30. strawberry
11. Holiday
12. Torch
13. Class
14. Kiss
15. Fish
16. Fox
17. Switch
18. Dictionary
19. Opportunity
20. Knife
Circle all the adverbs in each sentence.
1. Excitedly, Molly opened the present. She stopped briefly and looked
inside.
2. Sadly, the cat got knocked down. Happily, it wasn’t badly hurt.
3. Slowly, the girl walked home from school. Hungrily, she ate her tea.
4. Quietly, the mouse scuttled into her hole and nibbled hungrily on the
crumb of bread.
5. Anxiously, the girl waited for her exam results. Excitedly she tore
them open and she realised she has passed.
6. Angrily, the old man shouted at the boys as they rudely called him
names.
7. Cleverly, the children revised for their test. Happily, they all did well.
Challenge:
Write 10 sentences using adverbs.
Choose an alternative word for the highlighted word with the same meaning.
1. The house was enormous.
2. The bank was secure.
3. The children were dancing with joy.
4. The girl was beautiful inside and out.
5. The teacher told funny stories.
6. The mouse was quiet.
7. The cat was nice.
8. The new game was good.
9. The most exciting thing happened today. It snowed a lot!
10. The castle was huge.
11. The sausage dog was very fat.
Change all the verbs from past tense to present tense.
Woke
Pulled
Sighed
Heard
Thought
Caught
Built
Chosen
Broken
Dug
Drawn
Done
Hid
Flown
Found
Made
Met
Slept
Spoken
Circle all the adjectives in each sentence.
1. The local butcher regularly makes fresh burgers.
2. The brown dog slept lazily till Thursday.
3. The cold and wet snow was all over my socks.
4. A big red lorry was stuck in the snowy road.
5. The action movie was very violent.
6. My favourite plums are the purple ones.
7. I was sad to see the overgrown garden.
8. I had trouble eating my hot soup today.
9. It was heavy bag full of school books.
10. He is a very lazy cat, he sleeps all day!
11. Please hand me the long ladle.
12. My friend wears very large shoes.
13. The new roller coaster had a short wait.
14. The old lady had a very bad attitude.
15. The old trees creaked in the wild wind.
16. My friend wears stylish clothes.
17. My friend has the greatest sense of humour.
18. I had trouble eating my spicy curry.
19. Rich orange clementines are my favourite fruit.
20. A fluffy cat and a scruffy dog were fighting in the street.
Write a question beginning with the words below.
1. How much………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. How often……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How do……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. How can…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What is………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What do…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What if………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. When can………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. When is………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. When do………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. When are………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Who was………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. Who can……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. Who is………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. When is……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. When can………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. How can…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Where is…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. Where can…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. Where are……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Insert commas in the correct places in the sentences below.
1. I need to pack a bathing suit some sun cream a hat sunglasses and a
swimming towel.
2. The teacher said we need a ruler a pencil a pen a compass and a
selection of coloured pencils.
3. I must remember to get bananas apples oranges and grapes for my
fruit salad.
4. The recipe says I need stewing steak two onions three carrots and
a turnip.
5. I need three shelves a back and front top and bottom and twelve
screws to make my book shelf.
6. In my car boot I have a torch three scrapers a spade and a travel
rug just in case I get stuck in the snow.
7. The lady ordered a diet coke a regular coke a lime and lemonade
and an orange juice.
8. The zoo had hundreds of animals the tiger’s lions giraffes
elephants and penguins were my favourite.
9. I must remember to pack my laptop i-pad notebook and pens for
work today.
10. To make lemon cupcakes I need flour sugar margarine eggs two
lemons and lemon curd.
The following words have more than one meaning. Write two sentences
to show the two different meanings.
1. Present
2. Bark
3. Brush
4. Wound
5. Produce
A prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the beginning of a workd to
make a new word. E.g. unhappy
Put a prefix at the beginning of each word to make it mean the opposite
……………….behave
…………………correct
…………………….possible
……………agree
…………….appear
……………..engage
……………honest
…………….like
………………polite
…………………lead
…………….place
………………..active
………………………….complete
…………………correct
………………use
…………..treat
………spell
………….trust
Insert the inverted commas in the sentences below.
1. After the First World War, the teacher said. The Country had to rebuild
itself.
2. Let’s go and play, Molly said. It is such a beautiful day.
3. How high is that? Bill asked. Is it as high as the moon?
4. Today was the best day in the world. Louis said. I have got tickets to see
my favourite band.
5. Today we are going to be learning how to use punctuation. The teacher
said. What do we have at the end of a question?
Challenge: Write ten sentences that use inverted commas.
Grammatical Terms/Word Classes/Features of Sentences
Nouns
Term
Definition
Noun
A noun is a ‘naming’ word: a word used for naming an animal, a person, a
place or a thing.
Proper noun
This is a noun used to name particular people and places: Jim, Betty,
London... – and some ‘times’: Monday, April, Easter… It always begins
with a capital letter.
Common noun
A common noun is a noun that is used to name everyday things: cars,
toothbrushes, trees,… – and kinds of people: man, woman, child …
Collective noun
This is a noun that describes a group or collection of people or things:
army, bunch, team, swarm…
Abstract noun
An abstract noun describes things that cannot actually be seen, heard,
smelt, felt or tasted: sleep, honesty, boredom, freedom, power …
Adjectives
Term
Definition
An adjective is a ‘describing’ word: it is a word used to describe (or tell
you more about) a noun.
Adjective
Example: The burglar was wearing a black jacket, a furry hat and a large
mask over his face. (The words in bold tell us more about the noun that
follows)
An adjective usually comes before a noun but sometimes it can be
separated from its noun and come afterwards (e.g.: Ben looked frightened;
the dog was very fierce)
Interrogative
(‘asking’)
adjectives
e.g.: What? Which? … They are used to ask questions about a noun.
Example: Which hat do you prefer?
e.g.: my, our, their, his, your … Possessive adjectives show ownership.
Possessive
adjectives
Example.: Sue never brushes her hair.
Adjectives of
number or
quantity
e.g. much, more, most, little, some, any, enough … These answer the
question: How much?
Example: She invited five friends for breakfast; she did not have any food
left
Demonstrative e.g.: this, that, these, those… Demonstrative adjectives answer the
(‘pointing-out’) question: Which?
adjectives
Example: Those apples and these pears are bad; That man stole this
handbag.
Verbs
Term
Verb
Auxiliary verb
Definition
A verb is a word, or a group of words, that tells you what a person or thing
is being or doing. It is often called a ‘doing’ word: e.g. running, eating,
sitting.
All sentences have a subject and a verb. The subject is the person or thing
doing the action: Example: Cats purr (Cats is the subject and purr is the
verb)
A verb is often made up of more than one word. The actual verb-word is
helped out by parts of the special verbs: the verb to be and the verb to
have. These ‘helping’ verbs are called auxiliary verbs and can help us to
form tenses.
Auxiliary verbs for ‘to be’ include: am, are, is, was, were,
Auxiliary verbs for ‘to have’ include: have, had, hasn’t, has, will have,
will not have.
Examples:
I have arrived (‘arrived’ is the main verb and ‘have’ is the auxiliary verb)
We are waiting (‘waiting’ is the main verb and ‘are’ is the auxiliary verb)
Adverbs
Term
Adverb
Adverb or
Adjective?
Definition
An adverb tells you more about the verb (it ‘adds’ to the verb). It nearly
always answers the questions: How? When? Where? or Why?
Most adverbs in English end in –ly and come from adjectives:
E.g. soft – softly; slow – slowly.
Some words can be either adverbs or adjectives depending on what they
do in a sentence, e.g. fast, hard, late.
If they answer the questions: How? When? Where? or Why? – they are
adverbs.
If they answer the question: “What is it like?” - they are adjectives, and
will be telling you more about a specific noun.
Examples:
Life is hard. (adjective)
The train arrived early. (adverb)
Kim works hard. (adverb)
I took an early train. (adjective)
Pronouns
Term
Definition
Pronoun
Sometimes you refer to a person or a thing not by its actual name, but by
another word which stands for it. The word you use to stand for a noun is
called a pronoun (which means ‘for a noun’)
We use pronouns so that we do not have to repeat the same nouns over
again.
Have a look at the following sentence: When Barnaby stroked the cat
and listened to the cat purring softly, Barnaby felt calm and peaceful.
Compare it with the same sentence where some of the nouns have
been replaced by pronouns: When Barnaby stroked the cat and listened
to it purring softly, he felt calm and peaceful.
Singular
pronouns
Singular pronouns are used to refer to one person or thing.
E.g.: I, you, me, he, she, it, you, him, her, mine, yours, his, hers, its
Plural
pronouns
Plural pronouns are used to refer to more than one person or thing.
E.g.: we, they, us, them, ours, yours, theirs
Other word classes and grammatical terms
Term
Definition
Prepositions are words which show the relationship of one thing to
another.
Prepositions
Examples: Tom jumped over the cat.
The monkey is in the tree.
These words tell you where one thing is in relation to something else.
Other examples of prepositions include: up, across, into, past, under,
below, above …
Connectives
(conjunctions)
Connectives (conjunctions) join together words, phrases, clauses and
sentences. They help us to create compound sentences by joining two
main clauses together.
E.g.: She went to the shops. She bought a box of chocolates.
We can use a conjunction to join these sentences together:
She went to the shops and bought a box of chocolates.
Subordinating
connectives
Article
Other connectives (conjunctions) include: but, as, so, or …
Subordinating connectives link a main (independent) clause with a
subordinate (dependent) clause (a clause which does not make sense on its
own).
Example: When we got home, we were hungry.
We were hungry because we hadn’t eaten all day.
Other subordinating connectives include: if, while, after, until, before ,
although…
An article is always used with and gives some information about a noun.
There are three articles: a, an and the
Examples: the chair; a table; an elephant
*There is sometimes confusion about whether to use a or an. The sound of
a word’s first letter helps us to know which to use: If a word begins with a
vowel sound, you should use an; if a word begins with a consonant sound,
you should use a.
Features of sentences/Types of sentences
Term
Definition
Declarative
sentence
(statement)
These are sentences which state facts.
e.g.: It is hot.
The butter is in the fridge.
Interrogative
sentence
(question)
Interrogative sentences (questions) are sentences which ask for an answer.
e.g.: Are you hot?
Where is the butter?
Imperative
sentence
(command)
These are sentences which give orders or requests.
e.g.: Play the movie.
Give me a dinosaur for my birthday.
Exclamatory
sentence
(exclamation)
Clause
Exclamatory sentences (exclamations) are sentences which express a
strong feeling of emotion.
e.g.: My goodness, it’s hot!
I absolutely love this movie!
A clause is a group of words which does contain a verb; it is part of a
sentence.
There are two kinds of clauses:
1. A main clause (makes sense on its own) e.g.: Sue bought a new
dress.
2. A subordinate clause (does not make sense on its own; it depends
on the main clause for its meaning)
E.g.: Sue bought a new dress when she went shopping.
*‘when she went shopping’ is the subordinate clause as it would not make
sense without the main clause.
Phrase
A phrase is a group of words which does not make complete sense on its
own and does not contain a verb; it is not a complete sentence: e.g.: up the
mountain
Vocabulary/language strategies
Definition
Example
Synonyms
Synonyms for:
These are words that have a similar
meaning to another word. We use
synonyms to make our writing more
interesting.
Bad - awful, terrible, horrible
Happy - content, joyful, pleased
Look - watch, stare, glaze
Walk - stroll, crawl, tread
Antonyms
These are words with the opposite
meaning to another word.
The antonym of up is down
The antonym of tall is short
The antonym of add is subtract
Word groups/ families
These are groups of words that have a
common feature or pattern - they have
some of the same combinations of letters
in them and a similar sound.
at, cat, hat, and fat are a family of words with the "at" sound
and letter combination in common.
bike, hike, like, spike and strike are a family of words with the "ike"
sound and letter combination in common.
blame, came, fame, flame and game are a family of words with the
"ame" sound and letter combination in common.
Prefix
Prefixes are added to the beginning of an
existing word in order to create a new
word with a different meaning.
Adding ‘un’ to happy – unhappy
Adding ‘dis’ to appear – disappear
Adding ‘re’ to try – retry
Suffix
Suffixes are added to the end of an
existing word to create a new word with a
different meaning.
Adding ‘ish’ to child – childish
Adding ‘able’ to like – likeable
Adding ‘ion’ to act – action
Root words
help is a root word
Root words are words that have a meaning
of their own but can be added to either
It can grow into:
with a prefix (before the root) or a suffix
(after the root) to change the meaning of
the word. Root words can often be helpful
in finding out what a word means or where
it is ‘derived’ from.
helps
helpful
helped
helping
helpless
unhelpful
Singular
A singular noun names one person, place
or thing (a single item).
Plural
One bike
One mango
One dress
One fly
One turkey
One half
Most nouns are made into plurals by adding –s:
Three bikes
More than one person, place or thing.
Some nouns ending in –o are made into plurals by adding –es:
Two mangoes
Most nouns ending in hissing, shushing or buzzing sounds are
made into plurals by adding –es:
Ten dresses
For words ending in a vowel and then –y, just add –s:
Eight turkeys
For words ending in a consonant and then –y, change -y to -i
and add –es:
Five flies
Most nouns ending in -f or-fe change to -ves in the plural:
Six halves
Punctuation
Definition
Example
Capital letter
Used to denote the beginning of a
sentence or a proper noun (names of
particular places, things and people).
Joel has karate training ever Monday afternoon at
Wells Primary School.
In January, the children will be visiting London
Zoo.
Full stop
Terry Pratchett's latest book is not yet out in
Placed at the end of a sentence that is
not a question or statement.
paperback
.
I asked her whether she could tell me the way to
.
Brighton
Question mark
Indicates a question/disbelief.
Who else will be there?
Is this really little Thomas?
Exclamation mark
Indicates an
interjection/surprise/strong emotion
What a triumph!
I’ve just about had enough!
Wonderful!
Inverted commas
Punctuation marks used in pairs ( “ ”)
to indicate:



quotes (evidence).
direct speech
words that are defined, that follow
certain phrases or that have special
meaning.
Apostrophes
For direct speech:
Janet asked, "Why can't we go today?"
For quotes:
The man claimed that he was “shocked to hear the
news”.
For words that are defined, that follow certain
phrases or that have special meaning:
'Buch' is German for book.
The book was signed 'Terry Pratchett'.
The 'free gift' actually cost us forty pounds.
Contractions:
Is not = isn’t
Could not = couldn’t
Used to show that letters have been left
out (contractions) or to show
Showing Possession:
possession (i.e. ‘belonging to’)
With nouns (plural and singular) not ending in an s
add 's:
the girl’s jacket, the children's books
With plural nouns ending in an s, add only the
apostrophe:
the guards' duties, the Jones' house
With singular nouns ending in an s, you can add
either 's or an apostrophe alone:
the witness's lie or the witness' lie (be consistent)
Commas in a list
Used between a list of three or more
words to replace the word and for all
but the last instance.
Commas to mark phrases or clauses
Jenny’s favourite subjects are maths, literacy and
art.
Joe, Evan and Mike were chosen to sing at the
service.
The giant had a large head, hairy ears and two big,
beady eyes.
To indicate contrast:
The snake was brown, not green, and it was quite
small.
Where the phrase (embedded clause) could be in
brackets:
The recipe, which we hadn't tried before, is very
easy to follow.
Where the phrase adds relevant information:
Mr Hardy, aged 68, ran his first marathon five years
ago.
To mark a subordinate clause:
If at first you don't succeed, try again.
Though the snake was small, I still feared for my
life.
Introductory or opening phrases:
In general, sixty-eight is quite old to run a
marathon.
On the whole, snakes only attack when riled.
Conjunctive verbs:
Unfortunately, the bear was already in a bad mood
and, furthermore, pink wasn't its colour.
Brackets (also known as
parentheses)
Used for additional information or
explanation.
To clarify information:
Jamie's bike was red (bright red) with a yellow
stripe.
For asides and comments:
The bear was pink (I kid you not).
To give extra details:
His first book (The Colour Of Magic) was written in
1989.
Ellipsis
Used to indicate a pause in speech or
at the very end of a sentence so that
words trail off into silence (this helps
to create suspense).
Dash
Used to show interruption (often in
dialogue) or to show repetition.
Colons
a) Used before a list, summary or
quote
b) Used to complete a statement of
fact
A pause in speech:
“The sight was awesome… truly amazing.”
At end of a sentence to create suspense:
Mr Daily gritted his teeth, gripped the scalpel
tightly in his right hand and slowly advanced…
To show interruption:
“The girl is my – “
“Sister,” interrupted Miles, “She looks just like you.”
To show repetition:
“You-you monster!” cried the frightened woman.
“St-st-stop!” stammered the boy.
Before a list:
I could only find three of the ingredients: sugar,
flour and coconut.
Before a summary:
To summarise: we found the camp, set up our tent
and then the bears attacked.
Before a line of speech:
Tom asked: “May I have another cupcake?”
Before a statement of fact:
There are only three kinds of people: the good, the
bad and the ugly.
Semi-colons
Used in place of a connective
(conjunction). Shows thoughts on
either side of it are balanced and
connected. It can also separate words
or items within a list.
To link two separate sentences that are closely
related:
The children came home today; they had been
away for a week.
In a list:
Star Trek, created by Gene Roddenberry; Babylon
5, by JMS; Buffy, by Joss Whedon; and Farscape,
from the Henson Company.