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May 02, 2013 Aztec's May 02, 2013 • Felt life was uncertain and all were at mercy of nature • attempted to please gods through sacrifices • Emperors chosen from royal family based on merit • Royal wives greatly respected • All members dignified and brave! • Priests, military officers, government leaders • Not inherited, earned on battlefield or in pursuit of priesthood • held special privileges; clothes, homes, jewels and servents • Provided Tenochtitlan with imported goods (jade, feathers) • Traveled great distances to negotiate deals • Farmers, laborers, craftsman, servants and vendors • Worked in fields or estates of wealthy • had freedom, but considered inferior to commoners • Had some legal rights; little stigma attached to slavery • People could sell themselves into slavery to pay off debts and crimes. May 02, 2013 3 causeways joined Tenochitilan to the Great Market: 60,000 people shoes of Lake Texcoco gathered daily Canals served as roads for canoes carrying people and goods. Bartered for food, straw mats, cloth and luxury items City contained 80,000 - 250,000 people! Cacao beans used as currency. Double Pyramid Held 1,000's of human skulls (to show power) Elaborate noble homes May 02, 2013 Parents arranged marriage Ceremony took 4 days, 5th day bathed and dressed. Feast: Chocolate, tamales, cactus beer, pipes for smoking and flowers Bride: Red face paint, red feathers pasted on arms & legs, strongest, oldest female carried her on her back to the groom's house Groom & Bride tied together by clothing to show they were married Aztec women known for weaving Good weavers were blessed by goddess of youth, flowers and love. At birth baby girls given looms Training began at 7, by 14 could weave thread into cloth Known for "cloaks of 1,000 colors" May 02, 2013 Laws based upon religion Elders met to settle arguments Legal stuff settled in courts Punishments carried out the next day Steal - pay 3x the price poorly made goods - goods taken away No jail, you were caged, death by drowning None sacrificed as it might upset the gods Aztec's believed they could only exist if the sun began to rise Sun needed "water": blood of animals and humans daily. If you were sacrificed you were like one of the gods, worshiped and pleased. In one year, up to 4,000 human sacrifices. May 02, 2013 Mothers honored as warriors. MIdwife advice: "Don't chew gum: baby will not be able to eat Don't let father go out at night, baby will have heart disease if father gets scared. She chose name of baby Boys: received shield; girls: broom & basket Most time was spent on hard work (little free time meant little crime and bad habits) Music: flutes, drums and voices If you made a musical mistake, you could be put to death. Ollamaliztli, game like soccer and basketball combined. Boardgames like backgammon May 02, 2013 War seen as a way to please gods &Warriors honored. Boys received training at 12, at 17 were warriors for 5 years without pay. Boys could raise social class if good warrior. (peasant to noble!) Battle started with war cries and drumming, first row threw spears/arrows, next hand to hand combat, finally burning of enemy temple Two kinds of schools: calmecac & telpochcalli Calmecac were monasteries for rules and priests Learned: warfare, singing, dancing, religion, citizenship, math, law, astronomy & medicine Strict: cold baths, shaved heads, fasting Telpochcalli Learned: warfare, ceremony participation by singing and dancing. Once out of school, dad taught them at home Girls taught at home by mom May 02, 2013 Vegetarian with corn as main crop (ground into drink, wrapped in husks - tamles- tortillas. Went to work without breakfast, first meal was 10am (porridge made of corn); Midday meal - tortillas and beans or tamale; Only wealthy at a third meal before bed of a corn drink Gum chewed between meals Corn, beans, sweet potatoes, green beans, tomatoes, cactus, chilies, apples, guava & cherries Men - loinclothes and plain capes (nobles capes were decorated), long hair with short bangs Warriors - special uniforms; short ponytail after capturing 3 prisoners Priests - shaved front and side of head Women - beautiful if clean, so bathed often Dyes made skin yellow, sign of beauty hair tied in 2 loops over forehead like 2 horns. White blouses and long skirts. May 02, 2013 Large / Outdoor In front of town temple Held daily in large towns , every 5 days in small Goods were bought and sold; food, animal skins, cloth, spices and dyes, building materials, tools and medicines Very structured society Seven classes (classed for life) Highest - Ruler, his family and nobles Second - Priests (most educated) Third - Warriors (could only move up from here) Middle Class - Tradesmen Lower Class - Peasants (most belonged here) Lowest Class - Slaves May 02, 2013