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Chapter 3 Lesson 2 Notes Key Terms – Civilization – an advanced form of culture. Sumer – an ancient region of Southern Mesopotamia. City-State – a political unit that includes a city and its nearby farmlands. Ziggurat – an ancient Sumerian or Babylonian temple that rose in a series of step like levels. Polytheism – a belief in many gods or goddesses. King – the leader of a group of people Key Concepts/Main Ideas: Traits of Civilization 1. Advanced cities – Kish, Nippur, Ur 2. Specialized workers – priests, kings, artisans, farmers, scribes 3. Complex institutions – temples, army, schools 4. Record keeping – writing (cuneiform) 5. Advanced technology – irrigation, plow, bronze tools, wheel, calendar Sumerian City States 3,000 BC = 12 city states Food surplus supported large population Cities = narrow, winding streets i. Roofs = palm trees ii. Courtyards, mud houses/wall Ziggurat = temple and city center i. Built 2,200 BC Change in Leadership People came to Ziggurat (temple/city center) to pay priests for services Priests controlled much of wealth of city state Priests worked to satisfy the many gods (polytheism) Attackers came from other regions and took over the priests jobs. They later became king. People believed the gods let the king rule