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Ancient Roman Architecture Ancient Roman Architecture Map of the Empire Rome lies at the centre Structure of Lecture Materials and associated Forms: Walls in Brick & Stone Roofs in Timber with Roman Tiles Discovery of Concrete: found material mixed with water and aggregate, made into walls and vaults, to form arched or domed forms such as the PANTHEON, 2nd. C. AD Temple of all the Gods, Rome, by Emperor Hadrian. The Temple of the Pantheon, Rome. The concrete dome is the same height as its width. There are no windows except the oculus in the ceiling. The floor is dished to let the water out through the drain under the floor. Note the rings of coffers in the ceiling to lighten the loading. The Pantheon The Roman Orders The Doric The Tuscan – Roman version of Doric, with base The Ionic – sometimes without fluting The Corinthian – “ “ “ The Composite – combination of ionic and Corinthian, sometimes without fluting Note the exterior of the Colosseum for the stacking of the orders, D, I, & C, & arches between. Veil covers the roof. The Colosseum, with stacking of orders, and arrangement for suspension of veil over space, manned by sailors. Cables stretched down to the ground and hitched to holders. Roman Note: Impluvium Peristylium Tablinum Triclinum Cucina & Ala Roman Houses had no or few windows, but gained light from the sky, and rain in the impluvium and garden. The master could sit in the Tablinum to control business & clients. Roman Villa – the rich farmhouse Villa floor with mosaic décor and cnetrepiece View of large villa with symmetrical plan and capable of producing vine, etc., and used as a hunting base. Roman Villa, with wall paintings with perspective effects Roman road system, to allow armies to travel, and the rich to communicate with their villas in the country. The Roman Palace Palace of the Caesars on the Palatine Hill, Rome Retirement Palace of Diocletian, Split, on the Adriatic Sea Public Buildings Roman temples had a porch at the front, and simpler arrangements than Greek ones. The complex at Baalbek shows clever arrangement of different Cults together. Roman Shopping Centres Hadrian’s Shopping Centre, Rome with upper level with another layer of shops, and light coming in beneath groined vault in concrete. The Roman Forum The Roman Forum, Rome. This acted as the political and business centre of the empire, with the Senate House still standing. Note the triumphal arches and the Rostrum for speeches. Basilica in Morrocco The basilica was a multi-purpose Building for the courts, banking and money-changing. They had apses at one or both ends, and lines of columns supporting a timber pitched roof, with windows called clerestories under. Baths - Thermae Tombs Hadrian’s Tomb in Rome, over the Tiber, and connected by its original Bridge, with Bernini’s statues. The Circus Maximus The Circus Maximus was devoted to chariot racing, viewed by the Emperor form the Palatine Palace. A central Spine separated the two Courses for the Chariots. The Amphitheatre The Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome, or Colosseum, was designed for gladitorial and animal combats, with a veil (velarium) over. Legacy of Rome