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Lesson 1
Cells
Lesson 2
Classifying Life
Lesson 3
Plants
Lesson 4
Classifying Animals
How are living
things similar?
Lesson 5
Animal Systems
organism
cell
unicellular
multicellular
chlorophyll
tissue
organ
organ system
What are cells?
Cells are the smallest units of
living things that can carry out
the basic processes of life.
frog cells
amoeba cell
What is inside an animal cell?
vacuoles
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
What is inside a plant cell?
vacuole
mitochondria
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chloroplast
cell wall
How are cells organized?
Cells form tissues, tissues
form organs, and organs
work together in organ
systems.
cell
organ
system
tissue
organ
All of the cells, tissues, organs,
and organ systems form an
organism.
Main Idea
What is the main difference between
the ways unicellular and multicellular
organisms are organized?
Unicellular organisms perform
functions on their own. Multicellular
organisms have special cells,
tissues, and organs to do tasks.
Vocabulary
Chlorophyll is able to use the energy in sunlight.
___________
Similar cells working together at the same function
form a ___________.
A ___________ is the smallest unit of living things
that can carry out the basic processes of life.
A group of tissues working together to perform
a specific function form an ___________.
cell
chlorophyll
organ
tissue
Vocabulary
Organs that work together to perform a certain
function make up an _____________.
Multicellular organisms are made of more than
_____________
one cell.
An _____________ is a living thing.
_____________
organisms are made of a single
Unicellular
cell.
multicellular organ system organism unicellular
Compare and Contrast
Plant cell:
has
chloroplasts,
cell wall
How can you tell the difference
between a typical plant cell and
a typical animal cell?
Both:
have cell
membrane,
organelles
Animal cell:
has many or
no vacuoles
End of Lesson
organ system (ôr´gən sis´təm) A group of
organs that work together to do a certain job.
(p. 28)
classification
kingdom
species
vertebrate
invertebrate
vascular
nonvascular
How are organisms classified?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Scientists classify
organisms by sorting
them into groups
according to shared
characteristics.
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are animals?
Animal Kingdom
vertebrates
fish
invertebrates
snake
cow
sponge
dragonfly
jellyfish
What are plants and fungi?
Fungus
Plant Kingdom
Kingdom
nonvascular
yeast
morels
mildew
liverwort
morels
hornwort
moss
mold
vascular
rust
smut
mushrooms
flowering plant
penicillin
fern
corn smut
pine tree
What are bacteria and protists?
Protist Kingdom
Bacteria
Kingdoms
plantlike
Ancient
Bacteria
hot springs
bacteria
red algae
animal-like
True Bacteriafungilike
rod-shaped
E. coli
sphereshaped step
paramecium
spiral shaped
orange
Lyme disease
slime mold
What are viruses?
Viruses are tiny particles that enter the body
of a living thing, take over some of its cells,
and cause the organism to get sick.
Main Idea
Which three kingdoms are mainly
multicellular? Mainly unicellular?
Multicellular: animals, plants,
and fungi
Unicellular: protists and
bacteria
Vocabulary
The narrowest group an organism can be
classified into is a _____________.
The word _____________ means “contains
tubes or vessels.”
A _____________ is an animal with a backbone.
_____________
Classification has been called the science of
finding patterns.
classification
species
vascular
vertebrate
Vocabulary
Nonvascular plants do not have
____________
vascular tissue.
The broadest group an organism is
classified into is a ____________.
An ____________ is an animal without
a backbone.
invertebrate
kingdom
nonvascular
Classify
How would you classify a
multicellular organism that has
cell walls but no chlorophyll?
Fungi
Not a plant
Not an animal
Does not move,
multicellular
Does not make
its own food
End of Lesson
gymnosperm
angiosperm
xylem
phloem
cambium
photosynthesis
transpiration
cellular respiration
How are plants classified?
Plants are classified as vascular or nonvascular.
vascular
seedless
seed
no flowers
fern
horsetail
Douglas fir
gingko
flowers
hydrangea
gerber
daisy
What are roots?
cortex
A root is the part of the
plant that absorbs water
and minerals, stores food,
and anchors the plant.
root hair
transport vessels
root cap
epidermis
What are stems?
Stems are plant parts with two functions:
supporting the plant and transporting water,
minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant.
xylem
cambium
phloem
woody stem
soft stem
What are leaves?
Leaves are plant parts that carry out the processes
of photosynthesis and transpiration.
cuticle
epidermis
vein
xylem
guard cells
phloem
stoma
5
What are
leaves?
Some water evaporates
through open stomata.
4
Sugar is then transported
in the phloem tissue.
3
Water in the leaves is
used to make sugar.
transpiration
2
1
Water moves through
the xylem tissue up to
the leaves.
sugar
Water enters the
plant’s roots.
water
How are photosynthesis
and respiration related?
sunlight
photosynthesis
sugar + oxygen
carbon dioxide
respiration
water
Main Idea
Why do all plants need air,
water, and sunlight?
Plants need these raw materials
to carry out photosynthesis.
Vocabulary
Photosynthesis is the process by which
______________
a plant makes its own food.
Xylem
______________
is a series of tubes that
moves water and minerals up a plant’s stem.
______________
moves sugars that are made
Phloem
in the plant’s leaves to other parts of the plant.
An ______________ is a seed plant that
produces flowers.
angiosperm
phloem
photosynthesis
xylem
Vocabulary
Xylem and phloem cells are produced in the
_________________.
A _________________ is a seed plant that
does not produce a flower.
Energy is released when the cells of organisms
use oxygen to break down sugars stored as
starch in the process called _________________.
The loss of water through a plant’s leaves
is called _________________.
cambium cellular respiration gymnosperm transpiration
Draw
Conclusions
An insect cannot survive in a
covered jar, even though the jar
contains food and water. When a
plant is added to the jar, the
insect can now survive. Explain.
plant in jar
insect gets
oxygen
End of Lesson
asymmetrical
radial symmetry
bilateral symmetry
monotreme
marsupial
placental mammal
What are simple invertebrates?
Most lower invertebrates live in
aquatic environments, which are
filled with water or are moist.
segmented worm
roundworm
flatworm
sponge
sea anemone
What are complex invertebrates?
Some invertebrates have
specialized organs and
complex body structures.
What are vertebrates?
Vertebrates are animals
that have a backbone,
bilateral symmetry, and
an endoskeleton.
What are mammals?
Mammals are warm-blooded
animals that produce milk to
feed their young.
Most mammals
have hair or fur.
Main Idea
What is the main difference between
vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone
and invertebrates do not.
Vocabulary
Radial symmetry is a body plan in which
________________
all body parts of an organism are arranged
around a central point.
The young of a ________________ develops
within its mother.
A _______________ is a pouched animal.
marsupial
placental mammal
radial symmetry
Vocabulary
A _________________ is a mammal that lays eggs.
An _________________ body plan cannot be
divided into mirror images.
Bilateral symmetry is a body plan in which an
_________________
organism can be divide along only one plane
of their body to produce two mirror images.
asymmetrical
bilateral symmetry
monotreme
Main Idea
and Details
What characteristics identify birds?
warm-blooded
Characteristics
of Birds
two wings
End of Lesson
skeletal system
muscular system
digestive system
excretory system
respiratory system
circulatory system
nervous system
endocrine system
What are the skeletal and muscular systems?
vertebrate
skull
pelvis
rib
femur
What are the digestive and excretory systems?
stomach
intestines
kidneys
esophagus
liver
bladder
What are the respiratory and circulatory systems?
Two body systems that work together
to provide oxygen and food to cells.
3
The oxygen-poor
blood is pumped
to the lungs.
2
In the lungs, the
blood drops off
carbon dioxide and
picks up oxygen.
2
3
3
4
4
1
Oxygen-poor blood
flows into the heart.
1
Oxygen-rich blood
flows into the heart.
Then it is pumped to
the body.
What are the nervous and endocrine systems?
Two body systems that work
together to control physical
responses and body activities.
Main Idea
How are the circulatory, respiratory, skeletal,
muscular, and nervous systems put into use
when a rabbit runs from danger?
Circulatory/respiratory: get blood with
oxygen and food to leg muscles
Skeletal/muscular: make legs move;
nervous: sense danger, coordinate leg
movement
Vocabulary
The vertebrate __________________ includes the
brain, nerve cord, nerves, and sense organs.
The power to actually produce movement is
provided by the __________________.
The __________________ is a long tube in which food
is broken down into nutrients an organism can use.
The __________________ consists of the heart and
blood vessels.
muscular system
circulatory system
nervous system
digestive system
Vocabulary
The __________________ is made up of bones,
tendons, and ligaments.
The __________________ removes waste products
from the body.
The __________________ of a rabbit is made up of
the lungs and the passageways that lead to them.
The __________________ has glands which produce
hormones.
endocrine system
respiratory system
excretory system
skeletal system
Summarize
heart
pumps
What steps take place in the
rabbit’s body to bring blood
to the body cells?
blood
travels
oxygen
in cells
steps to bring
summary
blood to cells
End of Lesson