Download 7 TH Grade Health Unit 3 Study Guide

7TH Grade Health Unit 3 Study Guide
(Answers)
Chapter3 – Physical Activity and Fitness (pp.54-79)
Terms to know:
Physical Activity – Any kind of movement that causes the body to use energy.
Fitness – The ability to handle the physical work and play of everyday life without becoming tired.
Exercise – Physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and that improves or maintains
personal fitness.
Strength – The ability of your muscles to exert a force.
Endurance – The ability to perform vigorous physical activity without getting overly tired.
Heart and Lung Endurance – The measure of how effectively your heart and lungs work during
moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or exercise.
Muscle Endurance – The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a prolonged period of time.
Aerobic exercise – exercise that requires a large amount of oxygen and works the heart.
Anaerobic exercise – exercise that requires little oxygen but involves short bursts of energy.
Flexibility – The ability to move joints fully and easily.
Skeletal System – framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body.
Muscular System – tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs.
Joints – the places where two or more bones meet.
Cartilage – Allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues.
Ligaments – holds bones in place at the joint.
Tendons – join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.
Body Composition – proportions of fat, bones, muscle, and fluid that make up body weight.
Warm up – gentle exercise you do t prepare your muscles for moderate to vigorous activity.
Cool down – gentle exercises that let your body adjust to ending a workout.
Frequency – number of days you work out each week.
Intensity – how much energy you use when you work out.
Target Heart Rate – number of heart beats per minute that you should aim for during moderate to
vigorous activity to benefit your circulatory system the most.
Individual Sports – physical activities you can take part in by yourself or with another person, without
being a part of a team.
Team Sports – organized physical activities with specific rules, played by opposing groups.
Dehydration – excessive loss of water from the body.
Conditioning – training to get in to shape.
Overtraining – exercising too hard or too often, without enough rest in between sessions.
Anabolic Steroids – synthetic compounds that cause muscle tissue to develop at an abnormally high
rate.
QUESTIONS:
1. Why is physical activity important to your health?
It helps build and maintain health bones, muscles, and joints.
It helps control weight and reduces fat.
It helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range.
2. What are the 3 elements of fitness?
Strength, Endurance, Flexibility
3. What is the difference between heart and lung endurance and muscle endurance?
Heart and lung endurance measures how effectively your heart and lungs work during physical
activity. Muscle endurance is your muscles ability to exert a force over a prolonged period of
time.
4. Why should a good exercise program include several kinds of activities?
Various kinds of activities will develop strength, endurance, and flexibility, leading to overall
health.
5. How does the skeletal and muscular system work together?
The systems interact to support the body and allow movement.
6. What are the 3 types of connecting tissue? What is the function of each?
Cartilage allows joints to move easily.
Ligaments hold bones in place at the joints.
Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.
7. Name the 4 types of joints and describe the movement allowed by each.
Hinge Joint moves in only one direction (knee joint, elbow joint).
Pivot Joint can move up and down and from side to side.
Gliding Joint allows a small rang of sideways movement.
Ball-and-socket Joint moves in all directions (hip).
8. What are some safety issues you need to consider when you work out?
Dress appropriately for your workout.
Consider the best location and equipment for your workout.
If you get injured treat injury using the R.I.C.E formula.
9. What is the purpose of a warm-up and cool-down period?
A warm up period gets your body ready for activity; a cool down period prepares your body to
adjust to ending a workout.
10. What does F.I.T. Formula stand for?
Frequency, Intensity, Time
11. How is target heart rate related to the intensity of a workout?
Knowing your target heart rate can help you assess the intensity of your workout.
12. What are 3 ways to avoid sports injuries?
See a doctor for a physical exam before you participate in sports
Warm up, stretch, and cool down
Learn proper techniques for your sport
Use correct safety and protective equipment
Follow safety rules
Report and injury to your coach, teacher, or parent
Do not return to physical activity until you have been cleared by a health professional
13. How much water should an athlete drink before a game?
2 cups about 2 hours before, followed by one cup every 15 minutes.
14. How does dehydration affect the body?
Can result in muscle cramps, heat stroke, and harm to some body systems
Chapter 4 - Food and Nutrition (pp.88-111)
Terms to Know:
Nutrients – substances in foods that your body needs in order to grow, have energy, and stay healthy.
Carbohydrates – starches and sugars that provide energy.
Proteins – nutrients used to repair body cells and tissues.
Fats – nutrients that supply energy, keep the skin healthy, and promote normal growth.
Saturated Fats – fats that are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fats – fats that are liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins – substances that help to regulate the body’s functions.
Minerals – nutrients that strengthen bones and teeth, help keep blood healthy, and keep the heart and
other organs working properly.
Fiber – Part of grains, fruits, and vegetables that the body cannot break down.
Cholesterol – waxy substance used by the body to build cells and make other substances.
Nutrition – Process of taking in food and using if for energy, growth, and good health.
Food Guide Pyramid –A guide for making healthful daily food choices.
Calorie – A unit of heat that measures the energy available in foods.
Nutrient dense – High amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories.
Body Mass Index (BMI) – A way to assess your body size, taking your height and weight into account.
Eating Disorders – Extreme eating behaviors that can lead to serious illness or even death.
Anorexia – Eating disorder in which a person has an intense fear of weight gain and starves herself or
himself.
Bulimia Nervosa – eating disorder in which a person repeatedly eats large amounts of food and then
purges.
Binge Eating disorder – eating disorder in which a person repeatedly eats large amounts of food at one
time.
Questions:
1. What are the 6 categories of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
2. How do proteins help the body?
Help repair body cells and tissues
3. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated are solid at room temperature and unsaturated are liquid at room temperature
4. What food sources contain each saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated – butter, stick margarine and fats in meat, poultry, and dairy products.
Unsaturated – vegetable oils, nuts, olives, and avocados.
5. Name 3 minerals and explain how each one helps your body.
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium help build and renew your bones. Iron is needed to make red
blood cells, Potassium, sodium, and chloride help maintain the body’s balance of fluids.
6. How can the Food Guide Pyramid be used to make healthful food choices?
It shows suggested range of daily servings from each of the five major food groups.
7. What are the 5 major food groups shown in the Food Guide Pyramid?
Group 1: bread, cereal, rice, and pasta
Group 2: vegetable group
Group 3: fruit group
Group 4: milk, yogurt, and cheese
Group 5: meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
8. What is the range of recommended daily servings for each of the five major food groups?
Group 1: 6-11 servings, Group2: 3-5 servings, Group 3: 2-4 servings, Group 4: 2-3 servings,
Group 5: 2-3 servings
9. What are 2 ways to make sure you get the nutrients you need?
Eat regular meals, watch portion sizes, eat small amounts of food from Pyramid tip, Aim to
achieve balance over time
10. Why is it important to eat breakfast?
It supplies a fresh supply of energy to the body.
11. Name 2 examples of nutritious lunches you could pack.
Salad, low fat yogurt, cheese sticks, water
Turkey sandwich, apple, carrot sticks, water
12. List 4 nutrient dense foods.
Low fat yogurt, strawberries, whole wheat crackers, orange
13. What are some possible health risks to being underweight?
Fatigue, sleeplessness, irritability
14. Name and describe the eating disorders.
Anorexia Nervosa - see definition
Bulimia Nervosa – see definition
Binge Eating- see definition