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Ch22 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Hydrocarbons contain only____ a. carbon. c. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. b. carbon and hydrogen. d. hydrogen and oxygen. 2. In a branched alkane, each branch attached to the main chain is called a(n) ____. a. asymmetric carbon. c. acetylene group. b. cycloalkane. d. substituent group. 3. Cyclohexane is an example of ____. a. a straight-chain alkane. c. a cyclic hydrocarbon b. a parent chain. d. an alkene. 4. In polarized light, the light waves vibrate in ____. a. one plane. c. three planes. b. two planes. d. all possible planes. 5. The boiling of petroleum to separate components is called ____. a. cracking. c. fractional distillation. b. knocking. d. optical rotation. Choose the letter of the correct name for each structure. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 6. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 a. propane b. pentane 7. CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 a. 2-pentene b. 3-pentene 8. CH3CH2C CCH3 a. 4-pentyne b. 3-pentane 9. CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2 a. 1,5-octadiene b. 3,7-octadiene 10. CH3CH2C CCH2CH3 a. 3-hexene b. 3-hexyne ____ 11. The correct IUPAC name of the compound c. hexane c. 4-pentene c. 2-pentyne c. 4,8-dioctene c. 3-pentyne is ____. a. 3,4-dimethylpentane c. 2,3-dimethylpentane b. 2,3-dimethylbutane d. 2,2,3-dimethylbutane ____ 12. The structure of 3-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-5-propylnonane is ____. a. b. c. d. ____ 13. Name the cycloalkane given below. a. 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane c. 1,2,4-trimethylcyclopentane b. 1,2,4-dimethylcyclopentane d. 1,3,5-trimethylcyclopentane ____ 14. The correct structural formula of 1,2-diethyl-2,3-dimethyl-6-propylcyclooctane is ____. a. b. c. d. ____ 15. What is the nature of a covalent bond in alkanes? a. Ionic c. Nonpolar covalent b. Polar covalent d. Metallic ____ 16. The correct condensed structure of a compound having the IUPAC name 6-ethyl-6,7-dimethyl-2,4-dioctyne is ____. a. b. c. d. ____ 17. Which is NOT an isomer of hexane? a. 2-methylpentane c. 2,3-dimethylbutane b. 2,2-dimethylbutane d. 2-methyl-2-ethylbutane ____ 18. How are 3-methylheptane,3,3-dimethylhexane and 2-ethyl-4-methylpentane related to each other? a. They are geometric isomers. c. They are structural isomers. b. They are homologous. d. They are optical isomers. ____ 19. Which compound would show geometrical isomerism? a. 1-pentene c. 3-methylbutane b. 3-methyl-1-butyne d. 2-pentene ____ 20. Which compound has an asymmetric carbon atom? a. 2,2-dimethylpentane c. 1-hexane b. 2,3,4-trimethylhexane d. 2,2-dimethylpropane ____ 21. What is the molecular formula of benzene? a. C6H6 c. C6H14 b. C6H12 d. C12H12 ____ 22. Which of the following is the best way to represent the structure of benzene? a. c. b. d. ____ 23. Compared to alkenes and alkynes of similar size, benzene is a. less reactive. c. slightly more reactive. b. about as reactive. d. much more reactive. ____ 24. The electrons in the ring of an aromatic compound are a. held tightly by one carbon nucleus. b. localized between specific carbon nuclei. c. shared equally by all of the carbon nuclei. d. shared by only three of the carbon nuclei. ____ 25. The use of aromatic compounds should be limited because many of them a. produce chimney soot. c. have pleasant smells. b. can cause health problems. d. cannot be synthesized. Completion Complete each statement. Choose the term in parentheses that correctly completes the statement. 26. A hydrocarbon that has one or more triple covalent bonds between carbon atoms is called an (alkene, alkyne). ____________________ 27. All the carbon atoms are connected to each other by single bonds in (saturated, unsaturated) hydrocarbons. ____________________ 28. Isomers in which the atoms are bonded in different orders are known as (structural isomers, stereoisomers). ____________________ 29. (Geometric, Optical) isomers result from different arrangements of four different groups about the same carbon atom. ____________________ 30. (Straight-chain, Branched-chain) alkanes contain carbon atoms that are bonded to more than two other carbon atoms. ____________________ 31. Organic compounds that contain benzene rings are called (aromatic, aliphatic) compounds. ____________________ 32. All the bonds in an alkane are (polar, nonpolar). ____________________ 33. The attractive forces between alkane molecules are (stronger, weaker) than the attractive forces between alkane and water molecules. ____________________ 34. Alkanes are (very, not very) soluble in water. ____________________ 35. The boiling points of alkanes (increase, decrease) with increasing molecular mass. ____________________ 36. The chief chemical property of alkanes is their (low, high) reactivity. ____________________ 37. Alkanes are often used as (solvents, fuels) because they readily undergo combustion in oxygen. ____________________ 38. Alkanes are (saturated, unsaturated) hydrocarbons because they have only single bonds. ____________________ 39. (Petroleum, Natural gas) is a mixture of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and organic compounds containing sulfur or nitrogen atoms. ____________________ 40. The boiling of petroleum and collection of its components is called (sedimentation, fractional distillation). ____________________ 41. In the process known as (cracking, knocking), heavier petroleum fractions are converted to gasoline by breaking their large molecules into smaller ones. ____________________ 42. A gasoline’s ability to burn evenly and prevent knocking is expressed by its (hexane, octane) rating. ____________________ Use the following words to complete the statements. alkene alkyne electron density ethene ethyne 43. An ____________________ is a hydrocarbon that has one or more triple covalent bonds between carbon atoms. 44. The unsaturated hydrocarbon ____________________ is the starting material for the synthesis of the plastic polyethylene. 45. An ____________________ is a hydrocarbon that has one or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms. 46. Torches used in welding burn____________________ , which is commonly called acetylene. 47. Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes because double and triple bonds have greater ____________________ than single bonds have. Use the following words to complete the statements. aliphatic compounds aromatic compounds carcinogens 48. Substances that cause cancer are called ____________________. 49. Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are examples of ____________________. 50. All ____________________ contain benzene rings as part of their structure. Matching Match the terms below with their correct definitions. a. cycloc. line structure b. condensed structural formula d. cyclic hydrocarbon ____ 51. A simplified way of representing an organic compound by showing only the carbon-carbon bonds ____ 52. A way of representing an organic compound that saves space by not showing how the hydrogen atoms branch off the carbon atoms ____ 53. Indicates that a hydrocarbon has a ring structure ____ 54. A hydrocarbon that has a ring of carbon atoms in its structure Ch23 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. In hydrocarbons, carbon atoms are generally linked to ____. a. other carbon atoms only. c. both carbon and hydrogen atoms. b. hydrogen atoms only. d. atoms of any element. 2. Which of the following is an element commonly found in organic compounds? a. nitrogen c. cesium b. argon d. calcium 3. Atoms or groups of atoms, other than hydrogen and carbon, that occur in organic molecules and react in a certain way are called ____. a. functional groups. c. radicals. b. polymers. d. monomers. 4. Which of the following is NOT a functional group? a. a double bond c. an alkane chain b. a triple bond d. a chlorine atom 5. An alcohol is an organic compound in which a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon has been replaced by ____. a. a hydroxyl group. c. an NH2 group. b. an oxygen atom. d. a COOH group. 6. Which of the following suffixes is used in naming alcohols? a. -al c. -ol b. -oic d. -ane 7. The alcohol produced commercially in largest quantity is ____. a. methanol. c. ether. b. isopropyl. d. ethanol. 8. Alcohol molecules are generally ____. a. nonpolar. c. very slightly polar. b. ionic. d. moderately polar. 9. The alcohol produced by yeasts is ____. a. methanol. c. isopropanol. b. ethanol. d. cyclohexanol. 10. The simplest alcohol is ____. a. methanol. c. isopropanol. b. ethanol. d. butanol. 11. A poisonous alcohol used as a solvent for certain plastics and in the manufacture of insecticides is ____. a. butanol. c. cyclohexanol. b. ethanol. d. isopropanol. 12. Which of the following describes the solubility of ethanol in water? a. completely insoluble c. immiscible ____ 13. ____ 14. ____ 15. ____ 16. ____ 17. ____ 18. ____ 19. ____ 20. ____ 21. ____ 22. ____ 23. ____ 24. ____ 25. b. slightly soluble d. completely miscible What intermolecular attraction gives alcohols many of their physical properties? a. London forces c. ionic forces b. hydrogen bonds c. d. dipole-dipole forces Denatured alcohol is ____. a. a mixture of two alcohols. b. ethanol to which noxious solvents have been added. c. ethanol that has been distilled. d. ethanol diluted with water. How is ethanol generally removed from a water solution? a. filtration c. adsorption b. distillation d. precipitation The position of the functional group in an alcohol is indicated in its name by a ____. a. letter at the end. c. number and dash at the end. b. letter at the beginning. d. number and dash at the beginning. In a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom is ____. a. single-bonded to a carbon atom. b. double-bonded to a carbon atom. c. bonded to a hydrogen atom. d. bonded to a carbon atom and another oxygen atom. Which of the following makes a compound a ketone? a. a carboxyl group at the end c. a carbonyl group at the end b. a carboxyl group between carbon atoms d. a carbonyl group between carbon atoms The formal names of aldehydes end with the suffix ____. a. -one. c. -oic. b. -al. d. -ane. Which of the following correctly expresses the order of solubility, from greatest to least, of aldehydes, alcohols, and alkanes? a. aldehydes, then alkanes, then alcohols c. alcohols, then aldehydes, then alkanes b. aldehydes, then alcohols, then alkanes d. alcohols, then alkanes, then aldehydes Which of the following is true of ketones in comparison to aldehydes? a. Neither is polar, and they are equally reactive. b. Ketones are polar, but aldehydes are not, and ketones are less reactive. c. Both are polar, and ketones are more reactive. d. Both are polar, and ketones are less reactive. What would be the products of a dehydration reaction in which ethanol was the reactant? a. ethyne and water c. ethene and water b. ethyne and hydrogen d. ethene and hydrogen What would be the product of a hydrogenation reaction in which propene and hydrogen were the reactants? a. propyne c. propanol b. propane d. propanal Suppose that ethene and chlorine react to form 1,2-dichloroethane. What type of reaction would that be? a. addition c. substitution b. elimination d. condensation What kind of reaction is represented by the following equation, which contains structural formulas? a. addition c. substitution b. elimination d. condensation ____ 26. What kind of reaction occurs when an unsaturated fat is converted to a saturated fat? a. dehydrogenation c. dehydration b. hydrogenation d. hydration ____ 27. Which compound has a hydroxyl group? a. c. b. d. ____ 28. Which of the following is an example of a halogenation reaction? a. b. c. d. ____ 29. Which polymer is a condensation polymer? a. Orlon c. PET b. Teflon d. Nylon-6,6 ____ 30. Which of the following substances can be remolded without changing the chemical composition? a. Polyethylene c. Bakelite b. Glycine d. Propanoic acid ____ 31. In which kind of reaction is a combination of atoms removed from two adjacent carbon atoms, forming an additional bond between the carbon atoms? a. substitution c. addition b. elimination d. condensation ____ 32. In which kind of reaction is an atom or group of atoms in a molecule replaced by another atom or group of atoms? a. substitution c. addition b. elimination d. condensation ____ 33. Which of the following is an example of a thermosetting plastic? a. nylon c. Bakelite b. polyethylene d. none of the above ____ 34. The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as____. a. acetic acid. c. formaldehyde. b. acetone. d. formic acid. ____ 35. Which of the following tend to be basic? a. amides c. alcohols b. amines d. ethers ____ 36. Which of the following is a type of addition reaction? a. hydrogenation c. dehydrogenation b. dehydration d. halogenation Matching Match each of the lettered structures (a–l) to the following names. a. g. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. b. h. c. i. d. j. e. k. f. l. 1-butanol 2-butanol 1,1-butanediol 2,2-butanediol 1,2-butanediol butyl ether butylpropyl ether 1-butylamine 2-butylamine 1,1-butyldiamine 2,2-butyldiamine 1,2-butyldiamine Match the terms below with their correct definitions. a. elimination e. addition b. dehydration f. dehydrogenation c. condensation g. halogenation d. substitution ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. An atom or a group of atoms is replaced by other atoms or groups. An atom or a group of atoms is replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I. Additional bonds are formed between adjacent carbon atoms by the removal of atoms from the carbons. H atoms are removed. Atoms that form water are removed. Other atoms bond to carbons that are double or triple bonded. Molecules join to form a larger molecule, with the loss of a small molecule. Ch22 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: C The longest chain has five carbon atoms. The numbering of the chain is done such that all the alkyl groups get the lowest possible position number. The names selected for the alkyl groups and the parent chain are according to the IUPAC rules. Feedback A B C D The numbering of the chain is incorrect. The carbon atoms in the longest chain are not counted correctly. Correct! The selection of the longest chain is incorrect. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 703 OBJ: 22.1.2 Name an alkane by examining its structure. NAT: B.2 TOP: Name an alkane by examining its structure. KEY: Naming | Branched-chain hydrocarbon MSC: 2 12. ANS: A The longest chain is drawn correctly and the alkyl groups are put at the right places. Feedback A B C D Correct! The longest chain has eight carbon atoms. The ethyl group is drawn instead of the propyl group. There is one extra methyl group at the sixth carbon atom of the longest carbon chain. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 703 OBJ: 22.1.3 Draw the structure of an alkane given its name. NAT: UCP.2 | B.2 TOP: Draw the structure of an alkane given its name. KEY: Structure | Branched-chain alkanes MSC: 2 13. ANS: C The compound is a cyclic hydrocarbon having a five-member carbon ring and a methyl group as a substituent at 1, 2, and 4 positions. The numbering of the cyclic ring is chosen such that the lowest possible numbers are given to the methyl groups. Feedback A B C D The use of the word cyclohexane is wrong as it indicates the presence of six carbon atoms in the ring. The use of the word di is wrong as it indicates the presence of two substituents (methyl group) of the same type. Correct! The order of numbering a cyclic ring is incorrect. PTS: OBJ: TOP: MSC: 14. ANS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: Page 707 22.2.1 Name a cyclic alkane by examining its structure. Name a cyclic alkane by examining its structure. 2 D NAT: UCP.3 | B.2 KEY: Nomenclature | Cycloalkanes The numbering of the carbon ring is chosen such that the lowest position numbers are given to the alkyl groups. Feedback A B C D There is only one ethyl group at the first carbon atom. There is only one ethyl group at the first carbon atom. There is an ethyl group at the sixth carbon atom. Correct! PTS: OBJ: NAT: KEY: 15. ANS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 733 22.2.2 Draw the structure of a cyclic alkane given its name. UCP.2 | B.2 TOP: Draw the structure of a cyclic alkane given its name. Cyclic alkane MSC: 2 C The difference in the electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen is very small (0.35). Feedback A B C D Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons. Polar covalent bonds are formed in compounds in which the difference in electronegativity of atoms is high. Correct! Metallic bonds are found in metals only. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 708 OBJ: 22.2.3 Describe the properties of alkanes. NAT: B.2 TOP: Describe the properties of alkanes. KEY: Nature of bond in alkanes MSC: 2 16. ANS: B The compound is an alkyne because there are two triple bonds between the carbon atoms in the chain. The longest chain has eight carbon atoms. The ethyl group is attached to carbon atom number 6 and the methyl groups are attached to carbon atom numbers 6 and 7. Feedback A B C D Double bonds are drawn in place of triple bond. Correct! The methyl group is drawn in place of the ethyl group. The longest chain has nine carbon atoms. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 712 | Page 714 OBJ: 22.3.4 Draw the structure of an alkene or alkyne by analyzing its name. NAT: B.2 TOP: Draw the structure of an alkene or alkyne by analyzing its name. KEY: Nomenclature of alkynes MSC: 2 17. ANS: D The total number of carbon atoms in 2-methyl-2-ethylbutane is seven. Feedback A B C D The molecular formula is the same as hexane, but the molecular structure is different. The molecular formula is the same as hexane, but the molecular structure is different. The molecular formula is the same as hexane, but the molecular structure is different. Correct! PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 717 OBJ: 22.4.1 Distinguish between the two main categories of isomers, structural isomers, and stereo isomers. NAT: B.2 TOP: Distinguish between the two main categories of isomers, structural isomers, and stereo isomers. KEY: Structural isomerism MSC: 2 18. ANS: C Structural isomers have the same molecular formula, but the atoms are bonded in a different order. Feedback A B C Geometric isomers must have a double bond. Homologs have different molecular formulas. Correct! D Optical isomers have at least one chiral carbon atom. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 717 | Page 718 | Page 719 OBJ: 22.4.1 Distinguish between the two main categories of isomers, structural isomers, and stereo isomers. NAT: B.2 TOP: Distinguish between the two main categories of isomers, structural isomers, and stereo isomers. KEY: Structural isomerism | Sterioisomerism MSC: 2 19. ANS: D 2-pentene has a double bond and the two groups attached to each of the double bonded carbon atom that are different. Feedback A B C D The two groups that are attached to the double-bonded carbon atoms are the same. The compound does not have a double bond. The compound has only single bonds between carbon atoms. Correct! PTS: OBJ: NAT: KEY: 20. ANS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 718 | Page 733 22.4.2 Differentiate between cis- and trans-geometric isomers. B.2 TOP: Differentiate between cis- and trans-geometric isomers. Geometric isomers MSC: 2 B The carbon atom numbers 3 and 4 are asymmetric carbon atoms. Feedback A B C D The four groups attached to the carbon atom must be different for the carbon atom to be asymmetric. Correct! The four groups attached to the carbon atom must be different for the carbon atom to be asymmetric. The four groups attached to the carbon atom must be different for the carbon atom to be asymmetric. PTS: OBJ: NAT: KEY: 21. ANS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 719 | Page 720 22.4.4 Describe the structural variation in molecules that result in optical isomers. UCP.2 | B.2 TOP: Describe the structural variation in molecules that result in optical isomers. Chirality | Optical rotation MSC: 2 A PTS: 1 22. 23. 24. 25. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: D A C B PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: COMPLETION 26. ANS: alkyne PTS: 1 27. ANS: saturated PTS: 1 28. ANS: structural isomers PTS: 1 29. ANS: Optical PTS: 1 30. ANS: Branched-chain PTS: 1 31. ANS: aromatic PTS: 1 32. ANS: nonpolar PTS: 1 33. ANS: stronger PTS: 1 34. ANS: not very PTS: 1 35. ANS: increase PTS: 1 36. ANS: low PTS: 1 37. ANS: fuels PTS: 1 38. ANS: saturated PTS: 1 39. ANS: Petroleum PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 40. ANS: fractional distillation PTS: 1 41. ANS: cracking PTS: 1 42. ANS: octane PTS: 1 43. ANS: alkyne PTS: 1 44. ANS: ethene PTS: 1 45. ANS: alkene PTS: 1 46. ANS: ethyne PTS: 1 47. ANS: electron density PTS: 1 48. ANS: carcinogens PTS: 1 49. ANS: aliphatic compounds PTS: 1 50. ANS: aromatic compounds PTS: 1 MATCHING 51. 52. 53. 54. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: C B A D PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 Ch23 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: C 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 PTS: 1 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A Alcohols have a hydroxyl (OH) functional group. Feedback A B C D Correct! The compound has a ketone group as the functional group. The compound has an ester group as the functional group. The compound has an ether group as the functional group. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 738 OBJ: 23.1.1 Describe a functional group and give examples. NAT: B.2 TOP: Describe a functional group and give examples. KEY: Functional groups MSC: 2 28. ANS: D In a halogenation reaction, a hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom. Feedback A B C D It is a substitution reaction. It is a dehydration reaction. It is an elimination reaction. Correct! PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: Page 741 | Page 742 | Page 754 | Page 755 OBJ: 23.1.4 Describe how substitutions form alkyl and aryl halides. NAT: UCP.3 | B.2 | B.3 TOP: Describe how substitutions form alkyl and aryl halides. KEY: Halogenation reaction MSC: 2 29. ANS: D Nylon-6,6 is a condensation polymer of two monomers—adipic acid and 1,6-diamino hexane. Feedback A B C D Orlon is an addition polymer of acrylonitrile. Teflon is addition polymer of tetrafluoro-ethylene. PET is an addition polymer of ethylene terephthalate. Correct! PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: Page 763 | Page 764 OBJ: 23.5.2 Classify polymerization reactions as additions or condensations. NAT: B.3 TOP: Classify polymerization reactions as additions or condensations. KEY: Addition polymer | Condensation polymer MSC: 2 30. ANS: A Polyethylene is a thermoplastic polymer, hence it can be melted and molded without changing its chemical composition. Feedback A B C D 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Correct! Glycine is an amino acid and not a polymer. Bakelite is a thermosetting polymer. Propanoic acid is not a polymer. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: Page 764 OBJ: 23.5.3 Predict polymer properties based on their molecular structure and the presence of functional groups. NAT: B.2 TOP: Predict polymer properties based on their molecular structure and the presence of functional groups. KEY: Thermoplastic polymer MSC: 2 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: C PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1 MATCHING 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: C E F K L A H I B PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 46. ANS: G 47. ANS: J 48. ANS: D PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: D G A F B E C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1