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Astronomy
Chapter 12
Name: ________________________________
Worksheet 1
Block: ________________________________
Match the definitions to the correct word or term
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1. Photosphere
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2. Radiative zone
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3. Coronal holes
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4. Sunspots
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5. Ideal gas law
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6. Cosmic rays
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7. Solar flares
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8. Nuclear force
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9. Pressure
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10. Zeeman effect
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11. Convection zone
12. Proton-proton chain
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13. Granulation
14. Prominence
15. Solar cycle
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16. Chromosphere
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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
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22. Corona
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23. Solar wind
Nuclear fusion
Hydrostatic equilibrium
Maunder minimum
Spicules
Neutrinos
A. The time period for about A.D. 1600 to 1740 during which the
Sun was relatively inactive
B. The binding of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with
some nuclear mass converted to energy
C. The region immediately below the Sun’s visible surface in which
its heat is carried by convection
D. The force exerted by a substance such as a gas on an area
divided by that area
E. The condition in which pressure and gravitational forces in a
star or planet are in balance
F. The cyclic change in solar activity
G. The lower part of the Sun’s outer atmosphere that lies directly
above the Sun’s visible surface
H. The outflow of low-density, hot gas from the Sun’s upper
atmosphere
I. Tiny neutral particles with little or no mass and immense
penetrating power
J. A dark, cool region on the Sun’s visible surface created by
intense magnetic fields
K. A low density region in the Sun’s corona
L. The visible surface of the Sun
M. A hot, thin column of gas in the Sun’s chromosphere
N. The outer, hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere
O. The region inside a star where its energy is carried outward by
radiation
P. The splitting of a single spectrum line into two or three lines by
a magnetic field
Q. A law relating the pressure, density, and temperature of a gas
R. A sudden increase in brightness of a small region on the Sun
S. A cloud of hot gas in the Sun’s outer atmosphere
T. Texture seen in the Sun’s photosphere
U. The nuclear fusion process that converts hydrogen into helium
in stars and thereby generates their energy
V. The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the
atomic nucleus
W. Extremely energetic particles traveling at nearly the speed of
light
Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
24. The diameter of the Sun is about how large compared with the Earth’s
a. twice as big
b. on half as big
c. 10 times as big
d. 100 times as big
e. 10,000 times as big
25. About how many years elapse between times of maximum solar activity?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 11
d. 33
e. 105
26. Sunspots are dark because
a. they are cool relative to the gas around them
b. they contain 10 times as much iron as surrounding regions
c. nuclear reactions occur in them more slowly than in the surrounding gas
d. clouds in the cool corona block our view of the hot photosphere
e. the gas within them is too hot to emit any light
27. The Sun is supported against the crushing force of its own gravity by
a. magnetic forces
b. its rapid rotation
c. the force exerted by escaping neutrinos
d. gas pressure
e. the antigravity of its positrons
28. The Sun produces its energy from
a. fusion of neutrinos into helium
b. fusion of positrons into helium
c. disintegration of helium into hydrogen
d. fusion of hydrogen into helium
e. electric currents generated in its core
29. During the daytime, about a trillion solar neutrinos per second pass through you. At night, the number
is
a. Zero
b. About the same
c. About half as much
d. Much, much smaller
30. The primary method astronomers use to measure the oscillations on the surface of the Sun is by
a. Comparing telescopic images
b. Magnetograms from measuring Zeeman splitting of spectral lines
c. Measuring the Doppler shift of absorption lines from the surface
d. X-ray and ultraviolet imaging by satellites
e. Sonic detection
Answer the following questions
31. How does energy get to the Sun’s surface from its core?
32. What visible evidence do we have that the Sun has a convection zone?
33. How do prominences and flares differ?
34. What are solar neutrinos? Why are they important?