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LESSON 3
Page 506
Pages 506–511
LESSON 3
How the
North Won
1863
July 1863
The Union gains
control of the
Mississippi River
SS.A.1.2.3, SS.A.4.2.4, SS.B.1.2.1.5.1
Atlanta
Vicksburg
Objectives
• Describe the events of the Battle of
Gettysburg
Appomattox
Court House
Savannah
Gettysburg.
SS.A.4.2.4
• Identify the location and results of the
major battles of the Civil War.
SS.B.1.2.1.5.1
• Explain the reasons for the use of total
war and its consequences.
Vocabulary
Battle of Gettysburg, p. 507;
Gettysburg Address, p. 508;
Battle of Vicksburg, p. 509;
total war, p. 510
Resources
• Workbook, p. 118
• Transparencies 1, 54
• Every Student Learns Guide,
November 1863
President Lincoln
delivers the
Gettysburg Address
April 1865
The Confederacy
surrenders to
the Union
How the
North Won
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3
• Analyze President Lincoln’s Civil War
goals as expressed in the Gettysburg
Address.
1865
PREVIEW
Focus on the Main Idea
The date is November 19, 1863.
A series of Northern victories
led to the end of the Civil War
by 1865.
About 15,000 people have gathered at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. They are
here for a ceremony to honor the soldiers who died in
PLACES
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Atlanta, Georgia
Savannah, Georgia
Appomattox Court House,
Virginia
the Battle of Gettysburg just four months earlier.
PEOPLE
Ulysses S. Grant
William Tecumseh Sherman
speech that lasts almost two hours. Finally President
VOCABULARY
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Battle of Vicksburg
total war
minutes. The speech is so short that no one realizes
pp. 214–217
• Quick Study, pp. 108–109
President Lincoln has been asked to speak.
The main speaker at the event is former
Massachusetts governor, Edward Everett. He delivers a
Lincoln rises and addresses the crowd for about three
that Lincoln is finished. The crowd is silent for a
moment. Then a few people begin to clap. Lincoln sits
down before the photographer can take his picture.
One newspaper calls his speech “silly.” Lincoln calls
it “a flat failure.” But his speech, the Gettysburg
Address, will become known as one of the greatest
speeches in United States history.
If time is short, have students copy and
complete the following diagram as they
read the lesson independently. Have
students add more boxes using the
Places from Lesson 3.
Where: Gettysburg
Where:
When: 1863
When:
What Happened:
What Happened:
Introduce
and Motivate
Preview Ask students to recall how the
North and South were affected by the
Civil War. Tell students they will learn
about how the Civil War finally ended in
Lesson 3.
Main Idea and Details As you read, keep in
mind the goals of the North as the war reached
an end.
506
READING SKILL
VOCABULARY
Main Idea/Details
Word Exercise
In the Lesson Review, students
complete a graphic organizer like
the one below. You may want to
provide students with a copy of
Transparency 1 to complete as
they read the lesson.
The Gettysburg Address was
one of Lincoln’s most famous
speeches. It honored soldiers
who died in the Battle of Gettysburg. Ask
students what they think Lincoln might
have said in the speech.
Use Transparency 1
SS.A.4.2.4
506 Unit 7 • War Divides the Nation
Context Clues The word address
has a different meaning in this
lesson than the most common
meaning. Preview page 508 with
students. Ask: What does address
mean in the lesson? (a speech)
What clues did you use to figure
out the meaning? (“speak”;
“speech”) Explain that address with
this meaning can also be used as
a verb. Give an example, such as
“President Lincoln was asked to
address the audience.”
LA.A.1.2.2.5.1
LA.A.2.2.1.5.1
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Page 507
1867
1869
The Battle of Gettysburg
1
One of the most important battles of the
Civil War was a three-day struggle fought
in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This was the
farthest north that Confederate forces had
advanced into Union territory.
The Battle of Gettysburg began on July 1,
1863. The Confederates, led by Robert E.
Lee, pushed the Union soldiers back, but
missed an opportunity to pursue the
Northerners and follow up their attack.
By the second day of fighting, more Union
soldiers had arrived. The Confederates
attacked again, but the Union troops held
their ground. One Confederate from Texas
remembered “the balls [bullets] were
whizzing so thick that it looked like a man
could hold out a hat and catch it full.”
1871
On July 3 more than 150 Confederate cannons fired at Union troops. The Northerners
responded with their cannons. The noise was
so loud, it was heard 140 miles away in
Pittsburgh. Southern troops, including those
commanded by General George Pickett, made
an attack called “Pickett’s Charge.” Thousands
of Confederates marched through open space
toward the well-protected Union troops. The
attack was a disaster. More than 5,000
Confederates were killed or wounded.
The Battle of Gettysburg was an important
victory for the North. Lee’s advance into the
North was stopped, and he retreated back
into Virginia. It was also a costly battle for
both sides. There were more than 23,000
Union casualties. The South suffered more
than 28,000 casualties.
Teach
and Discuss
PAGE 507
The Battle of Gettysburg
SS.A.1.2.2, SS.A.4.2.6.5.3, SS.B.1.2.1.5.1
Quick Summary The wellprotected Union troops won the
Battle of Gettysburg, causing the
Confederates to retreat to Virginia.
What mistake did the Confederate
soldiers make that caused them to lose
the battle? They did not follow up on
their first attack quickly enough. By the
next day more Union soldiers had
arrived. Cause and Effect
REVIEW Describe the events of each day in
the Battle of Gettysburg. Sequence
If… students cannot
identify the mistake
that caused the
Confederate loss,
Map Adventure
Battle of Gettysburg, 1863
Suppose you are visiting the battle
site where the fighting at Gettysburg
took place. Today it is a national
military park. Answer the questions
about the battle site.
1. Describe the location of the Union
and Confederate headquarters.
2. In which direction was Pickett’s
Charge made?
3. What advantage did the location
of Little Round Top give the
Union forces?
then… ask what
might have happened
if the Confederates
had pursued the
Northerners and
followed up their
attack at the end
of the first day of
fighting.
REVIEW ANSWER During the first day
Confederate soldiers pushed Union
soldiers back but failed to follow up their
attack. By the second day, more Union
soldiers had arrived. The Confederates
attacked again, but Union soldiers held
their ground. “Pickett’s Charge” occurred
during the third day. The attack was a
disaster for the Confederates. Sequence
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3
507
MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
Leveled Practice
Number Match Have students match estimates with facts.
Easy Reorder the facts in Column B. Have students match the numbers in
Column A with a fact in Column B. (Correct facts are shown.) Reteach
On-Level List the numbers in
Battle of Gettysburg
Column A. Have students
Column A
Column B
find and write the fact in
About
140
Number
of
miles
to Pittsburgh
Column B. Extend
More than 5,000
Number of Confederates killed or
Challenge Have students
wounded in “Pickett’s Charge”
choose one fact to research
More than 23,000
Number of Union casualties
and write about for a class
More
than
28,000
Number of Confederate casualties
presentation. Enrich
For a Lesson Summary, use Quick Study, p. 108.
Map Adventure Answers
1. The Union headquarters was located
just east of Cemetery Ridge. The
Confederate headquarters was located
just north of Seminary Ridge. 2. East
3. It helped protect them because the
Confederates had to attack uphill.
SS.B.1.2.1.5.1
Social Studies
Florida Sunshine Standards and GLEs
SS.A.1.2.2 Uses a variety of methods and sources to understand history
and knows the difference between primary and secondary sources
SS.A.1.2.3 Understands broad categories of time in years, decades,
and centuries
SS.A.4.2.4 Knows significant historical documents and the principal
ideas expressed in them
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3 Knows causes, selected key events, and effects of the
Civil War
SS.B.1.2.1.5.1 Extends and refines use of maps, globes, charts, graphs,
and other geographic tools including map keys and symbols to gather
and interpret data and to draw conclusions about physical patterns
FCAT-Tested Language Arts Benchmarks and GLEs
LA.A.2.2.1.5.1 Summarizes and paraphrases information
Chapter 15 • Lesson 3
507
The Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, the Gettysburg battlefield
was made into a national cemetery to honor
the men who died there. As you have read,
President Lincoln was one of the
people asked to speak at the ceremony. Read
his speech, known as the Gettysburg Address.
The Gettysburg Address inspired the Union
to keep fighting. The speech made it clear
that a united nation and the end of slavery
were worth fighting for.
REVIEW How did President Lincoln express
his admiration for the soldiers who had died
at Gettysburg?
Main Idea and Details
Four score [80] and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a
new nation, conceived [formed] in Liberty, and dedicated [devoted] to the
proposition [idea] that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great
battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a
final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we cannot consecrate [make
worthy of respect]—we cannot hallow [make holy]—this ground. The
brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it,
far above our poor power to add or detract [take away]. The world
will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can
never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here
dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly
resolve [are determined] that these dead shall not have died in
vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish [disappear] from the earth.
3
508
Painting by J. L. G. Ferris
2
48 days. Many people in the town dug caves in
the hillside for protection.
Confederate civilians and soldiers in
Vicksburg faced starvation under the Union
blockade. Butcher shops sold rats, and soldiers received one biscuit and one piece of
bacon a day.
Finally, on July 4, 1863, one day after the
Battle of Gettysburg ended, the Southerners
surrendered Vicksburg. The Confederacy
was cut in two. Study the map below to see
where Vicksburg and other major battles of
the Civil War took place.
The Tide Turns
The Battle of Gettysburg was one of a
series of battles that turned the tide of the
war in favor of the Union. As you read in
Lesson 1, one part of the Anaconda Plan
called for Union troops to gain control of the
Mississippi River to weaken the Confederacy.
Capturing Vicksburg, Mississippi, which lay
on the east bank of the river, would achieve
this goal.
General Ulysses S. Grant, who had served
with General Robert E. Lee in the Mexican War,
headed the Union forces in the Battle
of Vicksburg. In May 1863, Union forces
began a blockade of the city. They bombarded
Vicksburg with cannon fire by land and sea for
REVIEW Why do you think it took so long
for the Confederates to surrender at
Vicksburg? Draw Conclusions
5
Major Battles of the Civil War, 1861–1865
IOWA
PENNSYLVANIA Gettysburg 1863
KANSAS
INDIANA
ILLINOIS
i
M issour
OHIO
R i ve
R i v er
MISSOURI
O
Bull Run (Manassas)
1861, 1862
r
NEW JERSEY
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
1862
WEST Chancellorsville
VIRGINIA
1863
hio
Richmond
KENTUCKY
VIRGINIA
Appomattox
Court House
DELAWARE
Washington, D.C.
MARYLAND
Fredericksburg 1862
Seven Days 1862
Petersburg 1864–1865
N
er
R iv
ss
TENNESSEE
ee
R iv
er
Mis
si
ssip
pi
Shiloh
1862
Te n n e
ARKANSAS
MISSISSIPPI
NORTH
CAROLINA
Chickamauga
1863
Atlanta 1864
ALABAMA
SOUTH
CAROLINA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Fort Sumter 1861
0
Vicksburg 1863
Montgomery
GEORGIA
LOUISIANA
TEXAS
FLORIDA
New Orleans
Savannah
100
100
200 Miles
200 Kilometers
Confederate
states
Sherman’s March
Union states
Confederate
victory
Border states
Gulf of Mexico
0
Indian
Territory
Union victory
Union blockade
In July 1863 Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg turned the tide of the war.
MAP S KILL Map Scale How many miles apart were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg?
509
4
General
Robert E. Lee
North Winds Picture Archives
General
Ulysses S. Grant
After four years of
fighting, General
Lee agreed to
surrender his army
to General Grant.
The War Ends
General Grant was given control of all Union
forces in March 1864. Grant continued to
wear down the Confederate army with the help
of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
Sherman moved his army toward Atlanta,
Georgia, a vital industrial and railway center.
The opposing Confederate army could not
defend the city and retreated. Atlanta fell to
the Union on September 2, 1864.
General Sherman used a method of warfare
called total war. The aim of total war is to
destroy not just the opposing army, but the
people’s will to fight. Sherman’s men ordered
everyone to leave Atlanta, and burned almost
the entire city.
Starting in November, his army moved southeast toward Savannah, Georgia. The Union
soldiers marched 300 miles in a 60-mile wide
path. As they went, they destroyed anything
that might help the South keep fighting, including houses, railroads, barns, and fields.
Soldiers caused $100 million dollars worth of
510
damage in Sherman’s “March to the Sea.”
Savannah fell without a fight on December
21, 1864. Sherman wrote to Lincoln, “I… present you as a Christmas gift the city of
Savannah.” Sherman’s men then moved to
South Carolina, causing even more destruction
in the state where the war began.
Sherman’s army moved north to link with
Grant’s army. The Northerners were closing in
on Lee’s army in Virginia. In April 1865,
Confederate soldiers left Richmond, and Union
troops entered on April 3. President Lincoln
arrived to tour the captured Confederate capital. The city’s former slaves cheered him.
Lee’s army of 55,000 was tired and starving. The men tried to escape west, but Grant’s
force of about 113,000 outnumbered and
trapped them. Lee admitted to his men,
“There is nothing left for me
to do but go and see General
Grant, and I would rather
die a thousand deaths.”
6
7
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Generals Lee and Grant met in a farmhouse
in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April
9, 1865 to discuss the terms of surrender.
Grant allowed Lee’s men to go free. The
Southerners were allowed to keep their personal weapons and any horses they had.
Grant also offered to give Lee’s men food from
Union supplies. Lee accepted. As Lee returned
to his men, the Union soldiers began to cheer.
Grant silenced them, explaining,
“The war is over; the rebels
are our countrymen again.”
The Civil War was the most destructive
war in United States history. About 620,000
soldiers died. Towns, farms, and industries—
mostly in the South—were ruined. Families
had been torn apart by the struggle.
Even so, Lincoln expressed sympathy for
the South. After news of the Confederate
surrender reached Washington, D.C., he
appeared before a crowd and asked a band
to play the song “Dixie,” one of the battle
LESSON 3
Main Idea and Details On a separate
sheet of paper, fill in the missing details
to the main idea.
The Union used several
strategies to achieve decisive
victories in the last years
of the Civil War.
The Union held a high
position during the
Battle of Gettysburg,
protecting them from
the attacking
Confederates.
REVIEW What were the results of General
Sherman’s strategy of total war?
Cause and Effect
Summarize the Lesson
July 4, 1863 Union soldiers led by
General Grant cut the Confederacy in two
by capturing Vicksburg, Mississippi.
November 19, 1863 President Abraham
Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address
honoring the men who died in battle there.
April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox Court House, Virginia,
ending the Civil War.
REVIEW
Check Facts and Main Ideas
1.
songs of the Confederacy. “I have always
thought ‘Dixie’ one of the best tunes I ever
heard,” he told the people.
Lincoln wanted the country to be rebuilt. He
had a plan to heal the nation’s deep divisions.
But he would never see his plans carried out.
The Union blockaded Vicksburg,
forcing them to
surrender when
they faced starvation.
General Sherman
used total war,
destroying any
resources that the
South might use
to keep fighting.
2. What circumstances led the Union to
victory on the third day in the Battle
of Gettysburg ?
3. What were Lincoln’s goals as expressed
in the Gettysburg Address ?
4. Critical Thinking: Interpret Maps Look at
the map on page 509. In what state did
most of the major battles occur in the
Civil War? Give a reason you think this
would be so.
5. What was the purpose of total war and
Sherman’s “March to the Sea”?
Analyze a Speech Reread President
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address on page
508. What year was he referring to in the
speech when he said “Four score and
seven years ago”? Why would he have
referred to that year?
Close
and Assess
Summarize the Lesson
Have pairs of students share details
about each event.
LESSON 3
1.
REVIEW
Main Idea and Details For possible
answers, see the reduced pupil page.
2. Possible answer: The Union army was
well protected while the Confederates
marched toward them in the open.
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3
3. Lincoln wanted to honor the soldiers
who had died and to rally the people
to preserve the Union.
SS.A.4.2.4
4. Critical Thinking: Interpret Maps
Virginia; The Union army might have
concentrated its forces in this area in
an attempt to capture the Confederate
capital, Richmond, and to defend
Washington, D.C.
SS.B.1.2.1.5.1
5. To capture Savannah; the Union
destroyed almost everything in its
path because Sherman wanted to
weaken the Confederacy.
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3
Link to
Mathematics
Explain that a score means 20 years
and that students first have to
calculate how many years four score
and seven are. He believed the Civil
War soldiers were fighting to preserve
the nation the Patriots had fought to
create in 1776.
SS.A.1.2.3, MA.A.3.2.3.5.1
511
Social Studies
Florida Sunshine Standards and GLEs
EXTEND LANGUAGE
ESL Support
Workbook, p. 118
Lesson 3: How the North Won
Match each term in the box with its clue. Write the term on the
line provided.
Directions:
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Anaconda Plan
Explore Words About the South Help students
identify and explore words about people and places.
Beginning Have students look at the map on
p. 486. Name states and have students say yes or
no to indicate whether they were in the Confederacy.
Intermediate Have students use words such as
Confederacy, rebels, and Dixie in a paragraph. Then
have students read their paragraphs to partners.
Advanced Have students create and share a
dialogue between Lincoln and Grant or Lee
discussing how the country might be rebuilt.
For additional ESL support, use Every Student
Learns Guide, pp. 214–217.
LA.A.1.2.2, LA.B.2.2.3
Use with Pages 506–511.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ulysses S. Grant
Battle of Vicksburg
William Tecumseh Sherman
total war
Robert E. Lee
Appomattox Court House
Place where Generals Lee and Grant met to discuss the terms of the Confederates’
surrender of the Civil War
“I would rather die a thousand deaths.”
President Lincoln made a short speech at a ceremony to dedicate a national cemetery. In
his speech, Lincoln inspired the Union to keep fighting for a united nation and the end of
slavery.
A method of warfare designed to destroy the opposing army and the people’s will to fight
This three-day battle began on July 1, 1863. It was one of the most important battles of the
Civil War. It was an important victory for the North and a costly battle for both sides.
Head of the Union forces in the Battle of Vicksburg
The surrender of this battle by the Southerners cut the Confederacy in two.
The Union blockade at the Battle of Vicksburg was part of this strategy to gain control of
the Mississippi River and weaken the Confederacy.
Led soldiers in a destructive “March to the Sea”
Notes for Home: Your child learned how the North used strategies to win the Civil War.
Home Activity: With your child, brainstorm strategies for winning a game such as checkers, chess, or
cards. Discuss the advantages of using a strategy to defeat an opponent.
Also on Teacher
Resources CD-ROM.
SS.A.1.2.1.5.1 Extends and refines understanding of the effects of
individuals, ideas, and decisions on historical events
SS.A.1.2.2 Uses a variety of methods and sources to understand history
and knows the difference between primary and secondary sources
SS.A.1.2.3 Understands broad categories of time in years, decades,
and centuries
SS.A.4.2.4 Knows significant historical documents and the principal
ideas expressed in them
SS.A.4.2.6.5.2 Knows roles and accomplishments of selected leaders
on both sides of the Civil War
SS.A.4.2.6.5.3 Knows causes, selected key events, and effects of the
Civil War
SS.B.1.2.1.5.1 Extends and refines use of maps, globes, charts, graphs,
and other geographic tools including map keys and symbols to gather
and interpret data and to draw conclusions about physical patterns
FCAT-Tested Language Arts Benchmarks and GLEs
LA.B.2.2.3 Writes for a variety of occasions, audiences, and purposes
FCAT-Tested Math Benchmarks and GLEs
MA.A.3.2.3.5.1 Solves problems involving addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of whole numbers, and addition, subtraction,
and multiplication of decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers
Chapter 15 • Lesson 3
511