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Transcript
Islam Muhammad • Founder of Islam and prophet of the Muslims monotheism • Muslims believe in one God, Allah Five Pillars 1. Monotheism 2. Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca 3. Alms (charity) to poor 4. Fasting during Ramadan (sunrise to sunset) 5. Pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca once in lifetime Islamic Empire Conquest by Turks • Seljuk Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century • Ottoman Turks took control of city in 1453 Caliphs • Rulers of the Islamic Empire Sunni/Shiite (Shia) • Division of Islam took place after Muhammad’s death – Shiite- leader must be descendant of Muhammad – Sunni- leader must follow the ways of Muhammad • Most Muslims today are Sunni Spread of Islam • spread to include a large part of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain • Muslims believe a person who dies fighting for Islam will go to paradise Golden Age of Islam • Contributions – – – – Medicine Math and Science Art and Architecture Literature Ottoman Empire Sultan • Title of leaders of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent • Most famous Ottoman leader • Ruled at height of empire
