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WORLD HISTORY notes
ISLAM
Abraham has son, Ishmael – “Son of Promise”
 Muslims believe that God’s covenant were meant for Ishmael, not Isaac
570
Muhammad born in Mecca
 His mother died when he was 6
 Married Khadija who was very wealthy, this allowed Muhammad to “think” and became a “social
activist”
 Muhammad was concerned about the “ills” of Mecca
a)idol worship (Kaaba – shrine to polytheism / contained many idols)
Kaaba made Mecca an important pilgrimage site and trading place
b)greed of wealthy
c)mistreatment of the poor
610
Muhammad has first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel - “Night of Power”
 Main message received = “Submit to the Will of Allah” (Islam)
 Koran = Bible; revelations given to Muhammad
Muhammad began preaching/teaching in Mecca
 1 God = Allah
 Allah is omnipotent
 Allah is good
 Allah will judge all on the last day and assign them to heaven or hell
 Allah expects you to be generous with your wealth
 Muhammad was prophet sent by Allah as last prophet – “Seal of the Prophets”
Mecca originally rejected his teachings
a)polytheistic
b)hurt business
c)moral teachings struck a nerve
d)social equality – wealthy liked their advantages and did not want to help the less fortunate
.
622
Muhammad fled Mecca to save his life
 Went to Medina – “City of the Prophet”
 “Medina Charter” – est. Islam and the power of Muhammad
630
Muhammad returned to Mecca
 destroyed Kaaba – except for “Black Stone”
 brought from Paradise by angel Gabriel
 Islam was established as sole religion in Mecca
632
Muhammad died – who would lead now?
 Sunnis wanted Abu Bakr
 Shiites wanted Ali
o Abu Bakr was chosen to follow Muhammad – 1st Caliph (successor)
 this caused a permanent split in Islam
o Sunnis // Shiites (Shia)
SHIITES (Shia)
SUNNIS
Muhammad named no successor
Abu Bakr was chosen
85-90% of Muslims
Imam = prayer leader
Focus on Koran and Hadith
Muhammad did name successor – Ali
10-15% of Muslims
Imam = divine religious leader; Infallible
ISLAMIC BASICS
“5 Pillars of Faith”
Statement of faith – “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad was the last prophet”
Pray 5x/day towards Mecca
Give alms (charity)
Fast during month of Ramadan
 when Muhammad first received revelation from Allah
5. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) once in your lifetime
1.
2.
3.
4.
HADITH
Sayings and deeds of Muhammad
MOSQUES
Houses of worship
JIHAD
“Struggle”
DOME OF THE ROCK
Holy shrine; site of Muhammad’s “Night of Power”
TREATMENT OF WOMEN
Spiritual equality
SHARIA LAW
Set of laws for daily living
HIJAB
Dress requirements for women; dress modestly
EID – AL – FITR
Celebrates the end of Ramada
EID – AL - ADHA

Celebrates Abraham and sacrifice of Ishmael
 Symbol of complete surrender to God