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Senior Study Skills Year 11 2016 Book 1 Name ........................................................ Learning Centre Otumoetai College 1 SENIOR STUDY SKILLS Personal NAME .................................................................................... ADDRESS ......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... PHONE ................................. SCHOOL ........................................................... FORM/TUTOR CLASS ................ DEAN NO: FORM/TUTOR TEACHER .................................. ............................................. STUDY SKILLS ROOM ................ YEAR LEVEL ................ DEAN .............................................. STUDY SKILLS TEACHER .................................. SUBJECT TEACHER ROOM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. My goal for this year: STUDENT SIGNATURE ............................................... 2 The best kind of teacher … Tick the statements that you agree with and then rate them in the order of how important they are to you. The most important idea will be number ONE. The best kind of teacher: Order of Importance to Me Statements I agree with Listens to my ideas about the subject. Is prepared for the lesson. Treats us all fairly. Understands that even when I make a mistake that I am still a good person. Can apologise for any mistakes. Has made the effort to be clean and tidy. Respects me as a human being with something to offer. Doesn’t try to embarrass me in front of the class. Has expectations of homework, but does acknowledge that occasionally my life at home comes first. Takes care of my books and papers when I hand them in. Expects and encourages others in the class to give me the chance to do work. Keeps cool under pressure. Looks pleased to see me when I come to class. Has a sense of humour but isn’t trying to crack jokes all the time. What you expect of your teacher is probably the same as what your teacher expects of you. 3 Personal Evaluation The best kind of student … Make your own list of statements. Examples … I arrive to class on time. I am in correct uniform. I have all my gear. The best kind of student 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Successful learning is a partnership between my teachers, my parents and me. 4 LOOKING BACK TO YEAR 10 YEAR 10 1. ENGLISH 2. MATHS 3. SOCIAL STUDIES 4. SCIENCE EXAM RESULT PERSONAL COMMENT 5. 6. Study techniques I have used:- Study techniques used by my classmates: 5 Turning on to Learning Learning is happening all the time. Some skills are easy to learn. Some skills – especially academic skills – take a lot of effort. Therefore, we need to put a lot of effort into learning at school. Task Task Time Chart one shows how most people think they ought to be able to learn. BUT LEARNING IS NOT LIKE THAT. Time Chart two shows a normal learning curve. Learning takes time and determination. We have to understand how we learn best. Understanding How My Brain Works The Super Computer! Have you read about the latest super computers? Here are come impressive statistics for one model of super computer. Storage capacity: Processing speed: Inter-connections: 100,000,000,000 “bits” of information 1,000,000,000,000,000 decisions per second 32 kms long and up to 1000 connections from each “bit” source. This is your brain! 6 The more we use our brains the greater our brain’s capacity becomes. C ORTEX: L Full of Neurons brain’s nerve cells 15 000 000 000 S B IMBIC AREA: (Mid-Brain) rain Stem: PINE 7 The brain emits 4 different types of brain waves for different activities. In the boxes, draw diagrams that show how these four types of brain waves look. 1 BETA Waves (13 - 25 cycles per second) Mind and body active and busy Short term memory being used 2 ALPHA Waves (8 - 12 cycles per second) Mind and body calm and relaxed Long term memory activated Learning is easy and rapid 3 THETA Waves (4 - 7 cycles per second) A state of deep relaxation High creativity and insight Problem solving Sub-conscious mind accessible 4 DELTA Waves (5 - 3 cycles per second) Sleeping Minimum brain activity Match the beginning of each statement with the correct ending. 1. The cortex is … into two hemispheres. 2. The cortex is divided … we are in the Alpha state. 3. Brain waves are related to … by using relaxation exercises and music. 4. Study times are productive … the thinking part of the brain. 5. We solve problems best when … the movement of signals in the brain. 6. We can influence our brain waves … we are in the Theta state. 8 Left Brain / Right Brain APPARENT FUNCTIONS OF THE TWO SIDES OF THE BRAIN Getting both sides of the brain to work together greatly accelerates learning and performance skills Decide whether the words in this box are governed by Left or Right brain. Write them into the spaces on the brain picture shown above. logic colour artistic numbers and symbols functions and list them under correct hemisphere. Sort these sequential thepictures speaking & writing music creativity facts analysis imagination Left Brain Music Right Brain Music Mozart Handel Vivaldi Bach 9 WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING Getting both sides of the brain to work together greatly accelerates learning and performance skills The Corpus Callosum is a thick bundle of nerves which joins both hemispheres. It lets one hemisphere know what the other is doing. L looks after right side of body R looks after Left side of body Strengthen the Corpus Callosum by:1. Physically relaxing. During work times make a conscious effort to quieten down. Learn how to get yourself into the Alpha state. This unblocks the Corpus Callosum and allows us to make more use of the right brain. High levels of stress or anxiety block our long term memories. 2. Doing Brain Gym. These exercises which cross the mid-line of the body strengthen right left, left right brain communication through the Corpus Callosum. Play tennis, do aerobics, join a hockey team, play squash or badminton, learn the guitar or violin. 3. Using the right brain. Developing artistic, musical, creative and imaginative skills strengthens links between left and right hemispheres. Join the school choir, play in the orchestra or band, take an active part in drama classes. 10 Whole Brain Thinking Solve the following problems. The left side of your brain will help you solve problems 1-3. The right side of your brain will help you solve problems 4-7. 1. Draw the line or lines that complete each shape. 2. Which one is different from the others? Write the letter on your paper. 3. Complete the sequence. 3, 5, 7, 9, _____, _____, _____ 4. List things this shape could be. 5. What is this? 6. What could this be? 7. What do you see in this picture? Carson-Dellose Publ. 11 The Mighty Right and the Brain that’s Left Read each statement. Tick each statement that is true for you. 1. I base decisions on objective facts rather than feelings. 2. I am psychic. 3. I like using symbols or images in solving problems. 4. I am artistically or musically creative. 5. I am logical. 6. I am good at solving crossword puzzles. 7. I can read quickly. 8. My daydreams are vivid. 9. I can think of synonyms for words easily. 10. I can remember dreams. 11. My dreams are vivid. 12. I am fluent in using words. 13. I am good at using images in remembering and thinking. 14. I use a playful approach to problem-solving. 15. I use a serious, considered approach to problem-solving. 16. I like to keep experiences planned and structured. 17. I like to read and think while sitting upright. 18. My thinking consists of words. 19. My thinking consists of mental imagery. 20. I like to explain something using a visual presentation. Left Right SCORING: Left no’s: 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 Right no’s: 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20 Now record all correct answers, using the scoring chart as a guide. Add up score for Left Brain and write it in the box. Do the same for Right Brain. DIVERSITY IS OUR STRENGTH 12 UNDERSTANDING HOW MY BRAIN WORKS Choose words from the lists to complete these paragraphs A learning motivation stem nerve most basic knowledge cortex music recall thinking things developed controls brain neurons three approximately spinal mid-brain covers art limbic In order to make the ____________ of my mind, I need to have some ____________ of how my ____________ works and the part it plays in my ____________ . My brain is made up of ____________ main areas. The brain ____________ is an extension of the ____________ cord. This controls my ____________ , instinctive responses. The ____________ area is part of the ____________ and controls my emotions and ____________ . The cortex ____________ the mid-brain and is the most highly ____________ section. It is the ____________ part of my brain. It ____________ my use of language, my appreciation of ____________ and ____________ , and it makes connections with all the ____________ that I have learned so far. Because of this, the ____________ is involved in memory ____________ and learning. The cortex is packed with ____________ which are the brain’s ____________ cells. There are ____________ 15,000,000,000 of them in my brain. B minimum calm problems Alpha subconscious long greater active brain waves Theta rapid relaxed state develop activities short brain learning emits meditate creative improve control Alpha inspiration fast sleeping successful My brain has the ability to grow and ____________ . The more I use my brain, the ____________ its ability becomes. Therefore I will be able to ____________ my thinking and learning abilities by using my ____________ more. My brain ____________ ____________ . four different types of brain ____________ for four different Beta waves are ____________ . When my brain is in this ____________ my mind and body are ____________ and busy. Only my ____________ term memory is being used. ____________ waves are when my brain is ____________ and relaxed. My ____________ term memory is activated in this state and ____________ becomes easy and ____________ . ____________ waves are when my ____________ is in a very deep, ____________ state. This is the time when my ____________ is accessible. I am in this state when I ____________ . This is the time when ____________ are solved, ____________ is gained and the ____________ genius of my mind is at work. Delta waves are when there is ____________ brain activity. It is a state of ____________ . When I study, I am able to ____________ my behaviour so that my brain waves are in the ____________ state. This is the state I must be in for ____________ learning. 13 There are three basic learning modes. Visual A preference for pictures and diagrams Kinaesthetic Auditory A preference to move, to ‘do’ rather than watch and listen. A preference for listening and speaking Learning to Learn Finding your learning style … Chances are that you already know your learning style … but haven’t understood yet how to use this knowledge. Answer the following question. Which of the following are most like you? (Circle them) VISUAL I read and watch TV I watch people I go to movies I play computer games I write or draw I like things tidy I like comics and cartoons AUDITORY I talk and listen to people KINAESTHETIC I move around I tell jokes I touch and play with anything/everything I listen to music I play sport I recount long stories I dance I remember phone numbers by heart I like to be outside I dislike other people’s ‘noise’ I drive rather than ride I ‘do’ rather than watch I like to play games where I have to talk and listen 14 V isual learners: Are good with detail. Learn by seeing, watching demonstrations. Often remember whatever they have written down. Can recall the placement of words and pictures on a page. Like descriptive reading, and are affected by visual display and colour. Recognise words by sight and people by face rather than name. Have a vivid imagination and think in pictures. Are deliberate problem solvers and plan solutions in advance. Use facial expressions which are a good indication of their emotions. A Circle the items that are most like you. uditory learners: Like oral language. Enjoy listening but are always ready to talk. Favour music, rap, poetry, rhyming words. Enjoy dialogues, skits and debates. Have auditory word attack skills and learn words phonetically. Talk to themselves, repeating information verbally. Remember by verbal repetition but are distracted by sounds. Talk out problems, talk about pros and cons of a situation, and try out solutions verbally. Express emotion through changes in pitch, tone and volume of voice. Are not detail persons; tend to be global thinkers. Memorise through verbal repetition. Learn through verbal instructions from others or themselves. K inaesthetic learners: Learn by direct involvement. Enjoy the performing arts and athletics. Like working with machinery and tools. Prefer action/adventure stories and videos. Communicate feelings through body language. Believe hands-on experiences are important. Experiment with ideas to see how they will work in the real world. Touch, feel, manipulate, and play with objects. Show emotions physically by jumping, hugging, applauding, etc. Remember what they have done more readily than what has been seen or read. Compare the lists on pages 13 and 14 and highlight the type of learner you are. 15 V A K DOMINANCE TEST Do this test quickly, choosing the first answer that comes to mind, or the one that occurs most often. 1. When relaxing I prefer to: (a) read or watch television (b) listen to radio or music (c) play sport 9. Of the arts I prefer to go to: (a) theatre, plays, opera and dance (b) Art exhibitions (c) music concerts 2. When trying to remember people I tend to: (a) remember names but forget faces (b) remember what I did with them (c) remember faces but forget names 10. When I get very angry I tend to: (a) go quiet and fume silently (b) shout and yell (c) storm off, bang things 3. When I am concentrating I get most distracted by: (a) people or things moving around (b) untidiness (c) noise 4. I learned most about traffic rules from: (a) the road code book (b) what the driving instructor said (c) the driving experience 5. I solve problems most easily by: (a) talking through possible solutions (b) hands on experiences (c) writing or drawing out possible solutions 11. In class I prefer: (a) lectures and discussions (b) experiments and activities (c) diagrams and pictures 12. In a video shop I am more likely to choose from: (a) action, adventure (b) drama (c) music 13. To know what sort of mood someone is in I tend to: (a) look at their face (b) listen to their voice (c) notice their gestures 14. I prefer the humour of: (a) comedians who talk (b) slapstick action (c) comics and cartoons 6. If I had to wait an hour for a bus I would most likely: (a) fidget, walk around (b) watch people or the scenery (c) talk to myself or talk to others 15. At a party I tend to spend most time: (a) circulating around or dancing (b) watching what is happening (c) talking and listening to others 7. To show sympathy I would most likely: (a) write a card to the person (b) telephone the person (c) visit the person 16. I prefer something explained by: (a) diagrams, pictures, maps and graphs (b) watching what is happening (c) demonstration 8. I try to spell a new or difficult word by: (a) sounding it out (b) writing it to see how it feels (c) writing it to see how it looks 17. In class I like it best when we are: (a) listening to the teacher talking (b) moving around, doing things (c) writing or doing worksheets 16 18. I learn skills best in sport when the coach: (a) demonstrates the skill (b) explains the skill using the whiteboard (c) talks about the skill 20. I would prefer my partner, or closest friend to like: (a) the same music as me (b) the same sports or activities as me (c) the same movies or TV shows 19. In the evening, at camp or on a trip, I would prefer to: (a) play cards (b) tell jokes and listen to them (c) play hacky sack (kick a ball around) Scoring: V = ............... A = .............. K = ................ Review of Learning Styles Pg 13: V = .................. A = ................... K = ..................... Pg 14: V = .................. A = ................... K = ..................... Pg 15: V = .................. A = ................... K = ..................... High scores in one group indicate a strong preference for one kind of learning. Reasonably high scores in two groups indicate two strong learning styles. Evenly spread scores indicate no particular preference. What does this mean for my own learning? 17 Suggested techniques for different learning styles. Remember that “reading over notes” is NOT ENOUGH At school and at homework time make an effort to ... underline headings and key words use different colours for different topics transfer information to charts pictures flow charts graphs diagrams time lines display personal charts on your wall replace words with symbols watch a relevant video focus on pictures and diagrams in school texts seek out colourful posters find magazine articles on relevant topics read newspaper cartoons watch the news study graphs and flow-charts 18 REMEMBER that 2 things are vital for your success: regular attendance careful class listening in At school and at homework time make an effort to ... listen carefully in class discuss topics/lessons with other students check for gaps in your notes (ask your teacher, or a reliable student) explain topics/lessons to other students coach another student read notes aloud turn notes into summary read notes into summary read notes onto tape listen to your own tape attend any tutorials that are offered language students team up with native speakers make up mnemonics listen to the news create mindmaps of each topic 19 REMEMBER that you will need to spend time ‘doing’ your learning: use colour to make colour-coded learning cards using:key words - meanings scientific equations - solutions maths problems - solutions characters - quotes characters - qualities make learning cards for:- create colourful create large charts/diagrams, then make labels to attach to appropriate parts make models transform information into a rhythmic pattern turn your study space into an active learning centre underline headings underline key words write up notes add in examples turn notes into diagrams steps in a plot steps in a process points on a timeline time lines mindmaps flow charts graphs diagrams 20 Use your left and right hemispheres to help you come up with Creative Captions. won won won won won DEAD DEAD DEAD DEAD one PENSWORD MEAL 2 poster poster poster poster EAR 21 MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR MEMORY By using a variety of learning modes the brain’s capacity to learn increases. Practising all three learning modes makes the best use of memory retention and retrieval. EXAMPLES: Write Chart V Say the words aloud. Looking at the patterns, colours K A Chant the words Move to the rhythm of words A V Write the words K V K 22 Why Do I Forget ? If information is not revised at regular intervals it will be forgotten. Leaning to Learn This graph shows the effectiveness of regular revision. It also shows the results of lack of revision. Predict the probability of recall with regular revision, after 10 months. Revision is a way of transferring information from SHORT TERM MEMORY to LONG TERM MEMORY To transfer information you must CHANGE IT into a form that your brain can accept. Examples of information transfer: change text diagram change text graph change text chart change text verbal explanation change a list chant/rap Mind Map The most effective revision techniques use a combination of learning modes. 23 Making a Learning Map BLANK AREAS FOR MISSING INFO Mnemonics KEY WORDS ONLY Make a LEARNING MAP USE COLOUR Use SYMBOLS P !!! $ Use PICTURES BOLD LETTERS CAPS GOOD FOR LONG TERM MEMORY DON’T CROWD USE EMOTION ¤ 24 Information Transfer A USE OF DIAGRAMS OR MINDMAPS i) A Cyclic Map illustrates a recurring process. BUTTERFLIES which break open to release lay many PUPAE EGGS which get a hard case around them to form that hatch to form CATERPILLARS PRACTICE EXAMPLE Turn this text into a Cyclic Map. The Water Cycle Water is continually on the move around the Earth. It is evaporated by the heat of the Sun to make clouds in the atmosphere. These drop their rain on the land and the water forms into rivers which carry it to lakes, and the sea from which water is again evaporated. We call this movement of water the water cycle. 25 ii) A Radial Map illustrates different aspects of a central topic. FUNCTION RED CELLS carry vitamins, minerals carry oxygen small no nucleus carry oxygen BLOOD WHITE CELLS large fight viruses and germs PLATELETS small clot blood PLASMA liquid 90% water carry minerals, proteins, salts, wastes ... PRACTICE EXAMPLE Sort these words into a radial map about Pollution. POLLUTION * emit poisonous lead compounds * CARS * FACTORIES * kill insects * smoke and dust in the air * oil from tankers spilled in collisions * TANKERS * cause smog * poison birds * exhaust emissions * INSECTICIDES * chemicals into rivers kill fish 26 iii) Compare and Contrast. This diagram must show similarities and differences. (a) A Comparison Chart BUTTERFLIES ONLY BOTH MOTHS ONLY coloured wings little colour active in day legs active at night knobs on antennae antennae eat cloth, fur scales on wings eat leaves (b) life cycle A Venn Diagram Transfer the information about Butterflies and Moths onto the Venn Diagram. BOTH 27 PRACTICE EXAMPLE Turn the text into a comparison chart. Carbon Dioxide Although carbon dioxide makes up only a very small part of the gas in the atmosphere, it is very important to all life on Earth. Plants take carbon dioxide out of the air and combine it with water from the soil to make glucose. At the same time the plants give off oxygen. The glucose is changed into substances which make up the body of the plant as well as being used as the food which gives the plant its energy to survive. Carbon dioxide is a colourless gas which has no smell. Things will not burn in it so it is used in fire extinguishers. It dissolves in water to make a weak acid called carbonic acid which gives fizzy drinks their tingly taste. When it is cooled carbon dioxide turns into a solid called ‘dry ice’. This substance is used to keep food frozen during transport. Carbon Monoxide When carbon is burned where there is plenty of oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced. This isn’t harmful to us unless there is so much in a small area that we don’t get enough oxygen to breath. When carbon is burned in a place where there is not much oxygen, another oxide of carbon, carbon monoxide is made. this happens in petrol engines such as cars and motor mowers. Carbon monoxide is a very poisonous gas. It combines with a substance in our blood and stops us getting oxygen to the brain. This can be fatal. Carbon monoxide is especially dangerous because we cannot see or smell it. 28 Mind mapping is one memory tool. Here are some others. B MNEMONICS This is a system for improving memory by playing with words. Example 1 GEOGRAPHY (i) (ii) Every map must have:- Fat Tigers Kill Nasty Students Valid Contracts Frame Title Key North Point Scale 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium I Am Cool Calm Collected Over Frogs (iii) SCIENCE Periodic Table 1 Hydrogen ECONOMICS Intention Acceptance Capacity Consent Consideration Object Form (iv) MUSIC Key Signatures Harry (H) He Likes Beer By Cup Not OverFlowing Never Nasty Mugs Allowed Since Past Six Closing Are Kids Crazy (He) (Li) (Be) (B) (C) (N) (O) (F) (Ne) (Na) (Mg) (Al) (Si) (P) (S) (Cl) (Ar) (K) (Ca) Sharps F Father C Charles G Goes D Down A And E Ends B Battle Flats 29 Example 2 (Acronym) Example 3 BIOLOGY MATHEMATICS Features of living things. M Movement R Respiration S Sensitivity G Growth R Reproduction E Excretion N Nutrition O S H A C H O T A EXPLANATION Cover up the term you wish to find. If the other terms are side-by-side, you multiply i.e. O S H Opp = S x H If the terms are one above the other, you divide, i.e. O S = O S H H 30 C LEARNING CARDS Make your own sets of cards. Use colour. Use cards for specialised vocabulary. Write the word on one side and its meaning on the other. Use cards for science equations and solutions science symbols and meanings Use cards for maths equations and solutions jumbled theorems Use cards for characters and their qualities characters and quotes titles and authors Use cards for events, timelines, dates, plots. Put the cards in order. Use cards for parts and functions, e.g. Biology - cells Automotive - parts of engine Economics - contracts Application Use a combination of these techniques for your own learning. Reading through someone else’s words is passive learning. Active learning is when you transfer information into a form that is your own. THIS IS WHEN YOU TRULY LEARN 31 TEN MINUTE REVIEW Subject ................................... Topic ......................................... Record information you remember. (Mindmap, Point Form, Tape …) Now read over your notes / classwork. Add in points you had forgotten. 32 Creative Captions Use your left and right hemispheres to help you come up with Creative Captions. 1. SIDE SIDE 2. YOU / JUST / ME 3. BAN ANA 4. ONCE A TIME 5. NOON LAZY 6. DEAL 8. SURROUNDED 10. 2UM +2UM HIJKLMNO 7. F R I E N D S STANDING MISS F R I E N D S 9. ECNALG 11. HO 12. 13. T I M E 14. ABDE MAT 15. ED + ED 16. TIMING TIM ING 17. MCE MCE MCE 18. W HEATH ER 20. A L L WORLD 22. BJAOCKX 24. PAS 19. ME NT 21. IECEXCEPT 23. HAN H N A 33 Learning To Learn Christine Ward and Jan Daley Understanding Your Brain Rebecca Treays Improve Your Memory Skills Struan Reid Diversity is Our Strength Barbara Prashing Tools for Teaching and Learning in the Integrated Classroom Carolyn Coil Learning Centre Otumoetai College 34