Download Greece Presentation #1

Ancient Greece and the Persian Empire
By: Ingrid #E14, Kimberly #E17, & Ruiming #E28
Table of Contents
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Cover
Table of Contents
Introduction
Part 1 Vocabulary
Geography
City-States
Trade and Commerce
Part 2 Vocabulary
Oligarchy
Tyranny
Democracy
12. Part 3 Vocabulary
13. Direct Democracy
14. Representative Democracy
15. Part 4 Vocabulary
16. Founding of the Persian Empire
17. Expansion of the Persian Empire
18. Political Organization of the Persian Empire
19. Questions?
20-21. Zeus’s Thunderbolt Game
22-23. Bibliography
24. Thank You!
Introduction
Ancient Greece is the home to many discoveries and inventions. They developed
city-states and traded among themselves to get what they needed. They created a
government and citizenship as well.
How did this happen, and how did these people become scientists, rulers, and so
much more in the ancient world?
Part 1 Vocabulary
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Peninsula- an area of land mostly surrounded by water; connects to an extending
mainland
Dark age- period of fighting and war
City-state- an independent city with its own government and lifestyle
Polis- Greek word for city-state
Acropolis- a high hill on which Greek fortresses were built; city-states were usually
built around these fortresses
Agora- a Greek marketplace
Classical age- an age made prominent by major achievements
Geography
Greece’s mainland is a peninsula, mostly surrounded
by the Ionian, Aegean, and Mediterranean Seas. This
caused the Greeks to rely mostly on these seas and saw
them as a food source. They quickly learned to build and
sail ships, leading them to other lands as well as other
sources of food. Greece is almost completely covered by mountains, which isolated
the people that lived there from each other. There were a few river valleys and
coastal plains that people farmed and lived on. People settled on these areas and
created small, separate groups. Because of Greece’s mountains and seas, these
groups had no contact with each other. They had different governments and viewed
themselves as independent countries.
City-States
After many Greek communities and trading cultures collapsed, they gave way to the
Greek dark ages. To provide defense and strong trade centers, villages banded
together to form city-states, also known as a polis. These city-states were typically
built around fortresses. These fortresses were built on top of an acropolis. Walls
were formed around the entire city-state. City-states were centered around the
marketplace, also known as an agora. This is where citizens traded goods, and
religious and government meetings were held. These city-states became the very
center of ancient Greece. After this system was formed, the Greeks began thinking
about forming colonies. Some city-states even founded colonies in foreign lands,
around the Black and Mediterranean seas.
Trade and Commerce
After the ancient Greeks established
colonies, these colonies started trading
with the city-states back on Greece’s
mainland. They sent goods to each other,
such as food or metal. The city-states also traded among themselves. Because both
the colonies and the city-states couldn’t get these goods without trading, they had
to trade to get these products. Trade made the city-states very wealthy, and they
even grew to become large trading centers. The Greeks soon became the biggest
traders in the Aegean area. They sent ships to cities around the Black Sea, as well as
countries such as Egypt.
Part 2 Vocabulary
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Aristocrats- wealthy landowners
Oligarchy- a government in which not many people rule
Citizens- people who have the right to join, or have a voice in the current
government
Tyrant- someone who rules through force; for example, bullying and violence
Tyranny- powerful government in which one person has absolute control; a
type of dictatorship
Monarchy- when power is inherited from a previous ruler
Democracy- a government which the people run themselves
Athens- the Greek city where democracy began
Oligarchy
Oligarchy was very common throughout Ancient Greece. It existed in cities such as
Corinth and Thebes. An example of oligarchy is in Athens, a Greek city-state. It was
first ruled by kings, who passed down power to their sons. A group of aristocrats
took over the government, as well as Athenian society. They controlled economy,
and assumed the roles of generals and judges. Citizens didn’t have much to do with
the government. Finally, in the 600s BC, a group attempted and failed to overthrow
the aristocrats. After that, a man named Draco created a new set of laws. However,
these laws were harsh and very strict. Another man named Solon created a more
relaxed set of laws, which let all Athenian men become citizens. After this,
Athenians sought to end the oligarchy.
Tyranny
Athenians wanted to end the rule of the aristocrats,
and they wanted another type of government.
In 546 BC, a man named Peisistratus finally overthrew
the oligarchy. He was a tyrant and ruled through force.
This was actually good in ancient Greece, because
tyrants were strong leaders and had armies. Peisistratus
unified Athens and built many temples and monuments as well as increased culture
with festivals. In fact, he was so well-liked that he became tyrant three times. When
he died, he passed his rule to his son. This is known as monarchy. Many aristocrats
were angry, and they asked another city to attack Athens. The tyrants’ rule was
over, and the aristocrats took back their power.
Democracy
In the 500s BC, a man named Cleisthenes grew powerful. He decided the aristocrats
had too much control, and he wanted to end the oligarchy. He overthrew the
aristocrats and founded a new government called democracy, or rule by the people.
All citizens of Athens had the right to speak up and give their opinion. Cleisthenes
held his assemblies outside so all citizens could attend. Athen’s next leader, Pericles,
wanted Athenians to be proud of themselves. He gave a speech known as “Pericles’s
Funeral Oration” that comforted Athenians despite fallen soldiers in battle, making
the Athenians proud that they had citizenship. In this speech, he says: ‘The
administration is in the hands of the many and not the few…’. This is a primary
source because this is a direct quote taken from someone who caused the event.
Finally, Athens was conquered by Macedonians. They barely had a democracy then,
and when a new king took over, Athenian democracy ended forever.
Part 3 Vocabulary
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Ballots- a process of voting, written out and confidential
Elect- vote for or choose
Direct democracy- when votes are put immediately into action; citizens vote at
one time
Representative democracy- votes are put in by representatives, citizens vote
on representatives
Direct Democracy
Athens’s democracy was direct democracy, where the citizens voted directly.
People would gather outdoors and vote by raising their hands or by using ballots.
Only citizens could vote, and these citizens did not include women, children, or
slaves. When votes were counted, the majority ruled. Unlike representative
democracy, these votes were immediately put to action, and citizens voted instead
of using representatives to vote for a certain group. However, this is like
representative democracy, because the system works the same way. People vote in
favor or against a certain law or practice, and the votes are counted. The votes have
effect against the government’s actions. This practice was a test to see whether the
citizens liked it or not, which they did. This system was used in Athens for over a
century.
Representative Democracy
Representative democracy is used in the United
States today. This is when citizens elect someone
to vote in the government for them. This person is
called a representative. The representative then
meets with representatives from other cities or states, and they discuss and vote for
or against something. Unlike direct democracy, chosen representatives vote,
instead of citizens voting. This is because the United States has too many people for
everyone to gather in one place and vote. Similarly to direct democracy, however, it
also involves people voting to pass or shut down an act. In ancient Greece, it was
practiced for over 100 years. It was a test to see whether the citizens liked it or not,
which they did.
Part 4 Vocabulary
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Nomadic- roaming around with no centered home
Revolt- attack or rebellion
Conquered- took over; usually refers to areas with names such as countries,
cities, or provinces
Cavalry- a group of soldiers who ride horses in battle
Provinces- part of country outside large cities
Satraps- governors
Founding of Persian Empire
The Persians were nomadic people at first. They lost a
battle with the Medes people and were ruled by them for
almost 150 years. Then, in 550 BC, a man named Cyrus the
Great led a successful revolt. This earned the Persians their
freedom, as well as the Medes people as part of their
empire. Cyrus then went on to conquer many well-known
lands, such as Mesopotamia. He maintained his followers by
allowing them to keep their own customs. The Persian Empire,
led by Cyrus the Great, was one of the largest ones ever. After his death, his son
Cambyses conquered Egypt, enlarging the empire further.
Expansion of Persian Empire
Four years after Cyrus the Great’s son
Cambyses died, due to a rebellion, a prince
named Darius I claimed power and expanded
the Persian Empire even more. He conquered
the Indus Valley, where the Harappan society
first began. King Darius I also wanted to
conquer Europe, but he only conquered Thrace
before his march was interrupted by several Greek city-states rebelling against the
Persian Empire. This would result in a later war called the Persian Wars, with King
Darius fighting against the Greeks.
Political Organization of the Persian Empire
King Darius I divided the Persian Empire into twenty provinces,
or satrapies. Each of these provinces was ruled and controlled by
a governor called a satrap. These satraps collected taxes and
kept the provinces under control, while King Darius I still served
as the supreme ruler. Secretaries and military officials were
‘installed’ in each province to check on the satraps. Special
inspectors also traveled around to watch over these provinces.
The king also built roads to connect these provinces, making it
easier for messengers
to travel.
Questions?
Zeus’s Thunderbolt Game Rules
Okay, it’s game time! Here are the rules:
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You must follow the rules or you will be eliminated.
You cannot help each other
You can refer back to your notes
No arguing please!
Listen to the story! It includes important information
Zeus’s Thunderbolt Game
Welcome to Zeus’s competition to see which one of you has the power to possess
part of his thunderbolt. We are the referees/dictators of this game that the mighty
Zeus has chosen. All of you have been personally chosen by him to host this
challenge. Now, we’ll begin with the rules and what’s going on throughout the
game. There will be 2 minigames that he made for you to play, to see who is worth
giving part of his thunderbolt to. There will be three places for each round, 1st,
2nd, and 3rd. 1st will get a small portion of his thunderbolt, representing that
he/she won that round, 2nd will get a smaller portion, and 3rd will get the smallest
portion. Whoever gets the most of his thunderbolt at the end of the games will win
the entire portion. If It’s a tie, it will be the luckiest who will win. (so you do rock,
paper, scissors)
Bibliography
Burstein, Stanley M., and Richard Shek. “Chapter 9: Ancient Greece .” Holt World History: /Ancient Civilizations, Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Austin, TX, 2006.
“Geography.” Ancient Greece - Geography - The British Museum, The British Museum ,
www.ancientgreece.co.uk/geography/home_set.html. Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
“Greece.” wikispaces.psu.edu/download/attachments/83897993/greece.png?version=1&modificationDate=1329363143000&api=v2.
Donn, Lin. “Ancient Greek City-States for Kids and Teachers - Ancient Greece for Kids.”Ancient Greek City-States for Kids and
Teachers - Ancient Greece for Kids, greece.mrdonn.org/city-states.html. Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
“Forms of Government - Democracy, Oligarchy and Tyranny.” Ancient Greece - Staff Room,
www.ancientgreece.co.uk/staff/resources/background/bg10/home.html. Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
History.com Staff. “Ancient Greek Democracy.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010,
www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece-democracy. Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
“Congress-2.” falkvinge.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Congress-2.jpg.
Bibliography (cont.)
Donn, Lin “What was Democracy like over 2400 years ago in ancient Athens?”-Ancient Greece for Kids”:
http://greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
“Persia .” The Persians, history-world.org/persians.htm. Accessed 23 Apr. 2017.
“cyrus_portrait.” www.iranchamber.com/history/cyrus/images/cyrus_portrait.jpg.
“darius_relief .” www.iranchamber.com/history/darius/images/darius_relief.jpg.
“map_of_persian_empire.” ancientempiresblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/map-of-persian-empire.jpg.
Pericles. “Pericles's Funeral Oration.” Athens , Greece , Pericles's Funeral Oration.
Burstein, Stanley M., and Richard Shek. “Chapter 10: The Greek World .” Holt World History: /Ancient Civilizations, Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Austin, TX, 2006.
What Did Democracy Really Mean in Athens? TED-Ed, 24 Mar. 2015, youtu.be/0fivQUlC7-8.
Thank You! :D