Download Greek City-States and Colonization

Name
Class
Date
History and Geography
Ancient Greece
Greek City-States and Colonization
Greece was not an easy place in which to live. The mountains made
farming difficult, so the Greeks found a way to make a living from the
sea. Some Greeks became fishermen and others became traders. Greek
merchant ships sailed to Asia Minor, Egypt, and Europe. Over time
people from Greek city-states began to set up colonies in distant lands.
Although the colonies were independent, they kept ties with Greece and
traded with the city-states on the Greek mainland. Some city-states, like
Athens, became great trading centers.
EUROPE
Massilia
(Marseille)
ITALY
Byzantium
(Istanbul)
Neapolis
(Naples)
ASIA
MINOR
GREECE
Greek city-state
or colony
Trate route
0
0
200
200
400 Miles
AFRICA
EGYPT
400 Kilometers
MAP ACTIVITY
1. Use a bright color to indicate the peninsula and islands of Greece.
2. What are the major bodies of water on the map? Label them on the map.
3. Use a bright color to trace the trade route between Athens and Istanbul.
4. Update the map legend to reflect the colors that you added to the map.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
17
Ancient Greece
Name
Class
Greek City-States and Colonization, continued
Date
History and Geography
ANALYZING MAPS
1. Place What city in France was originally a Greek city-state?
2. Location How many miles does the Mediterranean Sea stretch from east to west?
3. Movement How many miles did Greek sailors travel between Athens and Naples?
4. Human/Environment Interaction What physical features does Greece have that
would have encouraged the Greeks to make their living from the sea?
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
On a separate piece of paper, draw a large outline of the peninsula of
Greece. Color in the landscape and make symbols for various features
on the map. For instance, you may want to create symbols for the forest,
the city-states, farms, and harbors. Draw each symbol on colored construction paper and cut it out. A symbol for the forest might be a tree
and a symbol for the harbor might be a boat. Using glue or paste, attach
the symbols to your map in the areas where they would be located. List
your symbols in a map key. Add an arrow pointing north.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
18
Ancient Greece
Answer Key
Biography Aspasia
Primary Source Sappho’s
Poetry
WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
1. Aspasia was beautiful, witty, and
WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
intelligent. She proved that a woman
could be involved in matters, such as
politics, that usually only men
participated in. She met and influenced
many important people in Greece, such
as Plato and Plutarch. She became an
advisor to Pericles.
2. Today women are able to do everything
that men do. Women today work, hold
political and government office, make
business decisions, and participate in
sports and theatre. In Aspasia’s time,
women could do none of these things.
1. Answers will vary. Examples: They could
do something to hurt their neighbors.
They may not use their money wisely.
Their money may give them power,
which they could then abuse.
2. She probably wrote the poem to make
people laugh.
3. Answers will vary. Examples: She might be
sad and/or disappointed that much of her
work is lost, because the poem talks about
the importance of art being remembered.
On the other hand, she might be happy, to
know that her name and at least some of
her work is known and appreciated today.
ACTIVITY
Answers will vary.
MAKE A COMPARISON
1. Answers will vary. Examples: The first
Literature
poem and the third poem are shorter than
the second poem. The translations do not
rhyme. The second poem is funny, but the
other poems are more serious.
2. Accept any reasonable answer.
ANALYZING LITERATURE
1. It shows how human greed can bring
unhappiness.
2. It explains why gold was discovered on the
shores of the river Pactolus.
History and Geography
Primary Source Aristotle’s
Athenian Constitution
MAP ACTIVITY
1. Colors will vary.
2. Atlantic Ocean, Adriatic Sea,
WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
1. Aristotle may have believed that it would
3. Colors will vary.
4. The legend colors should match those
be more difficult to pay a larger group of
people to do something wrong; he may
have believed that bad behavior would be
found out if more citizens were involved.
2. At that age a person is better able to
understand the laws and issues to be voted
on. At 18, a youth was physically able and
strong enough to have military training.
3. Aristotle’s records might help people
compare the ways that different city-states
ruled themselves. He may have written so
that future generations would know about
the constitutions.
the students used on the map.
ANALYZING MAPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Massilia or Marseille
approximately 2,400 miles
approximately 825 miles
Greece’s large mountains made it difficult
to travel from place to place by land and to
grow food. Because Greece is surrounded
by water, it was easy for the Greeks to
travel by sea and fish for food.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
31
Ancient Greece
Answer Key
Chapter Review
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
Colors and symbols used for map may vary.
Possible symbols include trees for a forest,
houses for homes, fish for a marketplace, and
sailboats for harbors.
REVIEWING VOCABULARY, TERMS,
AND PEOPLE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Social Studies Skills
PRACTICE THE SKILL
Costs might include isolation from and
difficulty trading with other communities
because of the difficulty of mountain travel,
loss of opportunities to build alliances
with inland groups, and limited farming
opportunities along the coast. Benefits might
include protection from other groups attacking
across the mountains, the development of
superior sailing and navigational skills, and
building an economy on trade with other
countries.
peninsula
agora
mythology
citizens
classical
polis
COMPREHENSION AND
CRITICAL THINKING
1.
2.
3.
4.
shipbuilders and sailors
Dark Age
classical
Cleisthenes
REVIEWING THEMES
1. Polis refers to the Greek-city state.
2. Oligarchy refers to a type of government
that is ruled by only a few people.
APPLY THE SKILL
1. Benefits might include better decisions
3. Democracy refers to a type of government
made because of increased participation
and less unrest or anger among citizens
over being ruled by only a few wealthy
citizens or by a military government.
2. One cost of direct democracy is that
decisions are made slowly because
everyone must be heard and everything is
debated until a decision is made. During
times of emergency city-states sometimes
reverted to rule by a tyrant in order to be
able to act quickly.
in which people rule themselves.
4. Tyrant refers to a political leader who
rules alone, usually through military force.
REVIEW ACTIVITY: WORD SEARCH
Students’ word searches will vary in terms
of placement of words; however, all should
include each of the 15 words listed.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
32
Ancient Greece