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ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO “Claudio Puddu” SCUOLA SECONDARIA “Don Bosco” THE SOLAR SYSTEM As you know, the planet we live on, the Earth revolves around the Sun without stopping. You will know also that it is not the only one: there are seven other planets, plus their satellites, asteroids and comets. All these elements make up the largest planetary system that we call the Solar System WHAT IS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM? Let's take a trip through the solar system, starting from the sun. The sun is the center of the Solar System. It is a yellow star of average size; the fact that it appears the brightest star of all is due to its proximity to the Earth: it is far from us "only" 150 million kilometers. To get an idea of the size and distances, we try to imagine the Sun as a pumpkin of 20 inches in diameter: in comparison, the Earth would be as big as the head of a pin placed 20 meters away. THE SUN THE PLANETS MERCURY Mercury isthe first planet from the sun.It’s a small planet, rocky and studded with craters. It hasn’t got any satellites (or moons), or an atmosphere worthy of consideration. THE PLANETS VENUS Venus is the seconf planet from the sun, slightly smaller than Earth. It is covered by thick clouds of carbon dioxide carrying droplets of sulfuric acid. This dense cloud layer traps heat on the planet's surface, making it even hotter than Mercury. Even Venus has no satellites. THE PLANETS Third is the planet Earth, the "blue planet", with its oceans of water, continents and a brilliant atmospheric haze embroidered white clouds. The Earth is a rocky planet, like the other inner planets of the solar system (those closest to the Sun), but its rocky surface has been transformed by life. Earth THE PLANETS MOON The Moon is the satellite of the Earth; it is a rocky body marked by craters. It is a small body with a gravity which is about 1/6 of the Earth. THE PLANETS Mars, the "red planet", is the last of the inner planets. It has two small moons: Phobos and Deimos. Its reddish color derives from the reaction of the rocks in contact with oxygen. Mars THE PLANETS ASTEROID BELT After Mars, before meeting Jupiter, there are thousands of rocky masses, often with a strange shape called asteroid belt. The gravity of Jupiter has caught some of them. They orbite Jupiter as satellites THE PLANETS Jupiter is the giant of our solar system. The planet does not have a real surface, because itdoesn’t consist of solid rocks, but by gas, and is covered with a thick band of clouds, in which you observe violent lightning storms. JUPITER Jupiter is surrounded by weak rings, composed of grains of powder. Jupiter has many satellites, the largest of which are Europa, Ganymede, Io and Callisto. you can see even erupting volcanoes! THE PLANETS SATURN Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system with its large rings made of icy rocks. Even Saturn is a gas giant and, like Jupiter, has many satellites. Saturn is quite far from the Sun (about 1.4 x 109 km) from which it receives very little heat. THE PLANETS URANUS The blue color of Uranus is due to the presence of methane. Uranus is the only planet to spin on its side. This unusual position is probably due to the impact with another celestial body. Takes 84 years to revolve around the sun. THE PLANETS NEPTUNE Neptune is the outermost and the farthest planet of the Solar System. The dark spots on the surface are probably due to hurricanes. The great dark spot has more or less the size of Earth. Its year is about 165 Earth years. THE PLANETS PLUTO Earlier it was considered the ninth planet in the solar system but in 2006 was declassified form being a planet. It’s a "dwarf planet" because of its size! THE PLANETS E-K Beyond Pluto there is a belt of icy asteroids, EdgeworthKuiper called Range (abbreviated EK). Some of the comets that appear in our skies come from the range of EK. http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/