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KS3 Year 7 Geography Key Terms # Glossary Definition 1 HIC High Income Country (e.g. USA, UK) 2 MIC Middle Income Country (e.g. Brazil, Iraq) 3 LIC Low Income Country (e.g. The Gambia, Ethiopia) 4 Anemometer An instrument used to measure wind speed 5 Annual Yearly 6 Annotate An explained label. 7 Biodiversity The variety of living things in the world or in a particular habitat 8 The area of a town or city that contains shops, services and offices 9 Central Business District Characteristic 10 Climate The average weather conditions of a place over a period of at least 30 years 11 Coast Land which is next to the sea 12 Community A group of people living together in one place 13 Conservation The protection and preservation of the natural and human environment 14 Continent A large, continuous expanse of land 15 Contour lines Join places of equal height on a map 16 Deforestation Large scale destruction of an area of forest 17 Deposition The dropping of material which has been transported by wind, water or ice 18 Development The use of resources and technology to increase wealth and improve living standards 19 Statistics used to measure the level of development of a country 20 Development Indicators Earthquake 21 Economic Shockwaves caused as energy is released by the sudden movements of rock beneath the Earth’s surface Anything that relates to money (e.g. income, cost) 22 Ecosystem A community of organisms living in a particular environment 23 Effect 24 Environment A positive or negative change as a result of something happening (e.g. an effect of an earthquake would be injury) The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives. A feature which is typical of a person, place or thing 25 Emigrant Person who leaves a country to live in another 26 Equator 27 Erosion An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, equal distance from the north and south poles The wearing away of the land by wind, water or ice 28 Ethnic Relates to a group of people who have a common national or cultural tradition. 29 Export A good or service which is sold to another country. 30 Fauna The animals of a region. 31 Flora The plants of a region. 32 Locate a square on a map and are used for large features (e.g. a settlement) 33 Four figure grid reference Geography 34 Geology Study of the natural features of the Earth and its atmosphere, and of how people live and relate to the environment Study of rocks 35 Glacier A slow-moving river of ice 36 Globalisation 37 Global warming 38 Gradient The way that companies, ideas and lifestyles are increasingly being spread around the world. Gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature, which may be caused by an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Measure of the steepness of a slope 39 Greenhouse effect Describes how solar energy is trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse gases 40 Greenwich Meridian Zero line of longitude 41 Habitat The natural environment in which animals, plants and other organisms live 42 Hemisphere The globe is divided into northern and southern hemispheres by the equator 43 Human 44 45 Human development index Humidity The man-made features of the landscape and Earth (e.g. settlements, transport, infrastructure) Measures a country’s level of development based on income per person, education, literacy and life expectancy The amount of water vapour in the Earth’s atmosphere 46 Hypothesis A statement which forms the basis for an investigation 47 Immigrant Person who moves into a country to live 48 Impermeable A rock which does not allow water to pass through 49 Import A good or service that is bought by a country. 50 International Involves two or more countries 51 Key A list of the meanings of symbols used on maps 52 Label A simple descriptive point. 53 Latitude The position of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees 54 Longitude The position of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measure in degrees 55 Microclimate The climate of a small area, which differs from the surrounding area 56 Migration The movement of people or animals. 57 Natural disaster An event in nature which causes great damage or loss of life 58 NIMBY 59 Pattern Not In My Back Yard – A person who objects to the building of something near to where they live The trend in something 60 Physical / Natural 61 Political 62 Population The natural processes and landforms of the landscape and Earth (e.g. coasts, rivers and weather) Anything that relates to a countries government or the running of a country (e.g. currency, rules) The number of people living in a particular area 63 Precipitation All forms of moisture reaching the ground (e.g. rain, drizzle, sleet and snow) 64 Primary data Facts and numbers which are collected first hand (e.g. on a fieldtrip) 65 Regional Something which relates to a region 66 Relief The shape of the land (e.g. steep, gentle, undulating) 67 Resource Something which is useful to people 68 River 69 Rural A natural flow of water moving from an area of high land to the sea, a lake or another river Countryside. 70 Scale The ratio of the drawn distance on a map to its true value 71 Secondary data Facts and numbers which are collected second hand (e.g. from the internet or books) 72 Settlement A place where people live 73 Site 74 Situation This refers to the physical characteristics of the land it is built on (e.g. slope, height above sea level, aspect) The location of a place in relation to other things (e.g. nearby settlements, communications (roads, rivers)) 75 Locate a particular point on a map (e.g. a church) 76 Six figure grid reference Slum 77 Social Anything that relates to people or society (e.g. transport, living conditions) 78 Spot height The height of a specific place or point shown on a map 79 Sustainable 80 Thermometer Meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the needs of future generations. An instrument used to measure temperature 81 Tropic of Cancer Line of latitude 23.5° north of the equator 82 Tropic of Capricorn Line of latitude 23.5° south of the equator 83 Urban Built-up areas (e.g. town, city) 84 Velocity The speed of something 85 Volcano An opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, gas, ash and steam are erupted 86 Water cycle Continuous circulation of water between the land, the sea and the atmosphere 87 Weather The state of the atmosphere at a certain place and time 88 Weathering The natural breakdown of rocks on the Earth’s surface An area of overcrowded, poor quality housing