Download Biology EOC Review Scientific Method

Biology EOC Review
Scientific Method
1. List the steps of the scientific method:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2. Define the following:
•
Hypothesis:
•
Theory:
•
Law:
3. Three redwood trees are kept at different humidity levels inside a greenhouse for 12 weeks. One tree is left outside in
normal conditions. The trees are watered equally and exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The height of each
tree is measured once a week. Identify the following:
a. Independent Variable (what is changed) _______________________
b. Dependent Variable (what is measured) ________________________
c. Control Group ______________________
d. Constants _____________________________________
4. Using at least five characteristics of life, explain why an oak tree is living but a rock is not.
5. What effect does an increasing predator population have on the
prey population? Why?
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Biochemistry
7. What property of water allows
it to form hydrogen bonds?
6. Label the bonds.
____________________________
8. What substance is the
universal solvent?
9. Complete the table.
Property of Water
Cohesion
Explanation of Property
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Capillary Action
High Specific Heat
High Heat of
Vaporization
Lower density when
solid
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Phenomenon / Examples
10. What element is the building block of life? _________________
11. List the four macromolecules:
1.
2.
3.
4.
12. Identify each macromolecule:
_______________
________________
_______________
_________________
13. Match the function on the left to the macromolecules on the right.
Stores genetic info
Hormone, muscle, enzyme
Primary energy source
Long term energy storage
_________
_________
_________
_________
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
14. Match the examples on the left to the macromolecules on the right.
Starch, cellulose
Adenosine triphosphate, DNA
Wax, oil, steroid
Insulin, catalase
_________
_________
_________
_________
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
15. Label the diagram.
16. Enzymes lower the ______________________________________ of a chemical reaction, which ______________ the
reaction rate.
17. Enzyme names typically end with what three letters? _____________
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18. Explain what is happening in each graph.
19. Label the molecule. What molecule is this? ________________
20. What cell process makes ATP? ___________________________________
21. What organelle performs this process? ____________________________
22. What does ATP store? ________________________________
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Cells
23. Match each microscope with its description.
•
•
•
Compound Light Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Used to examine a thin slice of a dead specimen, high magnification
Used to examine living or dead specimens, has multiple objective lenses
Used to examine the surface of a dead specimen, high magnification
24. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
1.
2.
3.
25. Complete the Venn diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Use the phrases in the word bank.
Has a nucleus
Does not have a nucleus
Single celled
Multicellular or single celled
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
No membrane bound organelles
Bacteria
Contains DNA
Has membrane bound organelles
DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm
Plants and Animals
Eukaryotic
DNA is in the nucleus
Prokaryotic
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26. Label the cells.
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27. List two organelles unique to plant cells and two organelles unique to animal cells.
a. Animal: _______________________________________________
b. Plant: ________________________________________________
28. Complete the table.
Organelle Description
Rigid, outer layer that supports, protects, and gives the plant cell
shape, made of cellulose
Control center of the cell; DNA is made here
The sites of protein synthesis, located in cytoplasm and embedded
on rough endoplasmic reticulum
Supplies energy to the cell through cellular respiration
The jellylike region inside the cell except for the nucleus, where
dissolved building blocks are transported
Contains chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading
viruses or bacteria
Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products
Makes lipids
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
Large, fluid filled sac used for storage of materials needed by the
cell such as water, food, enzymes, and inorganic molecules
Makes ribosomes
The membrane surrounding the cell, phospholipid bilayer
Short cylinders that may aid in cell division
Network of proteins that helps the cell maintain its shape
Double membrane that protects the nucleus
Small, hair-like projections used for movement or sensing things
Long, whip-like structures used for movement
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Organelle
Plant/Animal/Both
The Cell Membrane and Cell Transport
29. Label the diagram with the following terms: Phospholipid, hydrophobic region, hydrophilic region, integral protein,
peripheral protein, cholesterol
30. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
31. Why can’t a polar molecule, like water, directly cross the cell membrane?
32. Complete the table.
Transport Method
Active (ATP) or
Passive
Does any structure help?
(vesicle, membrane
protein)
DIFFUSION
FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
SODIUM-POTASSIUM
(NA+ -K+) PUMp
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PHAGOCYTOSIS)
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PINOCYTOSIS)
EXOCYTOSIS
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Example of substance(s) that
uses this method of transport
in cells
33. Identify the tonicity of each environment. Indicate which environment animals and plants prefer (they are different!)
34. Identify the type of transport illustrated below each diagram.
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The Brain
35. Label the brains.
36. Complete the table.
Structure
Function
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Corpus Callosum
Medulla Oblongata
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebral Cortex
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
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Plant Anatomy
37. Label the flower.
38. Xylem carries ___________ and _______________ ____ a plant while phloem carries _____________ ________.
39. List two adaptations plants use to limit water loss.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
40. Write the equation for each process.
PS: ____________________________________
_________________________________________
CR: ____________________________________
_________________________________________
41. Match the reaction/cycle with its description.
___Light Dependent Rxn
a. Splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
___Calvin Cycle
b. Occurs in animals in the absence of oxygen, regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis
___Glycolysis
c. Converts light energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP & NADPH
___Krebs Cycle
d. Occurs in plants and fungi in the absence of oxygen, produces ethanol and CO2
___Electron Transport Chain
e. Breaks down pyruvate to create CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2
___Alcohol Fermentation
f. Creates glucose from CO2, ATP, and NADPH
___Lactic Acid Fermentation
g. Uses energy from electrons to create a H+ gradient, which then creates ATP
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Cell Division
42. Label the phases of mitosis, centrioles, centromeres, spindle fibers, and sister chromatids.
43. Complete the table.
Question
Mitosis
Number of cells at beginning of division?
Is parent cell haploid or diploid?
Number of cells at end of division?
Are daughter cells haploid or diploid?
Are daughter cells identical to parent cell?
Are daughter cells identical to each other?
In humans, # of chromosomes at beginning
of division?
In humans, # of chromosomes at end of
division?
How many divisions occur?
In what type of cell does this division occur?
What is the purpose of this type of division?
44. List and describe (or draw) the two ways that meiosis creates genetic variation.
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Meiosis
DNA
45. Label the DNA molecule and fill in the missing bases.
1. ___________________
2. __________________
_
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
5. ___________________
46. Draw or explain why DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative.
47. Replicate this strand of DNA: T A C G G A C G T A T G C C T T T A A T T
48. When does DNA replication occur? ________________
49. Where does DNA replication occur? ________________
50. Label the DNA replication diagram.
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The Central Dogma
51. Label.
52. Transcribe, then translate the following DNA sequences. Circle the start codon in green and the stop codon in red.
DNA: T A C G G A C G T A T G C C T T T A A T T
mRNA:
Protein:
53.
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