Download Ch. 10: WWI - Mrs. Rostas

Chapter 10:
World War I (the Great War)
1914-1920
Key Vocabulary Terms
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Militarism – the belief that a nation needs a
large military force
Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allied Powers (Allies) – Serbia, Russia,
France, Great Britain, Italy, and seven other
countries
Trench warfare – tunnels dug to protect
soldiers during battle, often rat infested
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U-boats – German submarines
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Woodrow Wilson – U.S. President during WWI
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Neutrality – refusing to take sides in a war
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Zimmerman telegram – a German telegram
trying to get Mexico to join the Central Powers,
in return Germany would help Mexico reclaim
its “lost” territories of Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona
John J. Pershing – U.S. General in France
American Expeditionary Force (AEF) – a
separate U.S. force fighting in WWI
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Convoy system – a heavy guard of destroyers
escort merchant ships across the Atlantic in
groups, trying to avoid U-boat attacks
Second Battle of the Marne – turning point of
the war, summer 1918
Armistice – an end to fighting
War bonds – civilians loan money to the gov't,
in return they get interest back
Propaganda – advertising trying to influence
opinions and actions of others
Espionage and Sedition Acts – illegal to
criticize the war, fines and prison time
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Great Migration – 500,000 African Americans
moved to the North to escape poverty and
violence between 1910 and 1920
League of Nations – international organization
to solve differences through negotiation
Fourteen Points – President Wilson's speech
to Congress about his plans for peace
Treaty of Versailles – peace treaty formally
ending WWI, blamed Germany for the war
Reparations – money paid by the losing
country of a war to pay for the destruction
Red Scare – panic from fear of communism
WWI Timeline
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1914 – Archduke Ferdinand assassinated
(WWI begins) and Panama Canal opens
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1915 – Lusitania sunk by German U-boat
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1916 – Wilson reelected
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1917 – Wilson asks Congress to declare
war on Germany
1918 – Wilson suggests League of Nations,
Russia withdraws from WWI, Allies win war
1919 – Treaty of Versailles is signed
Causes of WWI
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The assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife
started the Great War, or World War I, but it
had four other main causes:
Imperialism – Britain, France, Italy and
Germany wanted to expand their territories
Nationalism – Europeans were very proud,
loyal, and protective of their own countries
and wanted to prove they were the best
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Militarism – belief that a country needs a
strong military, major powers built up their
armies and navies
Alliances – relying on others to come to
your aid in a time of need, most countries in
Europe had alliances so any small incident
could start a large-scale war
Two groups of alliances formed:
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Central Powers – Austria-Hungary,
Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
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Allied Powers (Allies) – Serbia, Russia,
France, Great Britain, Italy, and others
Trench Warfare
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Trench warfare helped to protect the
soldiers by keeping them partially covered
but also made the fighting last longer
Trenches were often rat infested
Even though millions of lives were lost at
battles like the Marne and the Somme,
each side only gained a few miles of
territory
Trenches stretched for miles across Europe
New Technology
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Tanks were invented by the British which
could crash through barbed wire and roll
over trenches
Machine guns helped soldiers fire over 600
bullets per minute
Poison gases were used by both sides and
killed or injured thousands of soldiers
U-boats (submarines) were invented by
Germany which allowed them to sneak
attack other ships in the water
Lusitania
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The British ship the
Lusitania was sunk
while carrying
ammunition for the
Allies and American
citizens
Germany had warned
Americans not to
travel on the ocean –
U-boat attacks
Neutrality Turns To War
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President Woodrow Wilson had announced
a policy of neutrality for the U.S. in the war
Germany sent a coded telegram to Mexico
asking them to join the Central Powers, but
the British found the message and warned
the United States
With the sinking of the Lusitania and the
Zimmerman Telegram, he decided the U.S.
needed to defend themselves
Americans Join the Allies
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Russians had withdrawn from the Allied
Powers and the Germans (Central Powers)
were winning
In 1918, over one million U.S. troops went to
help the French fight against the Germans
Second Battle of the Marne was the turning
point of the war, the Allies were able to push
the Germans back and take control of the war
By November 1918, Germans stopped
fighting, the Kaiser stepped down, and they
signed an armistice (11a.m., 11/11)
Home Front
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Life at home changed when men left jobs to
fight in Europe
Women began working in factories and
railroad freight yards, they also grew
“victory gardens” which allowed more food
to be sent to the soldiers
School children gathered materials that
were used to make war goods and rolled
bandages for injured soldiers
Advertising and Suspicion
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President Wilson made a committee to
create war supporters, they made
suggestive advertisements called
propaganda – posters to encourage
support for the war and war efforts
The Espionage and Sedition Acts were a
result of suspicion of German people and
products
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These laws made it illegal to criticize the
war or help draft resisters (avoiding war),
long prison terms and large fines
Great Migration
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African Americans moved from the South to
Northern factories to find jobs
They were also leaving discrimination,
poverty, and racial violence
Between 1910 and 1920, 500,000 African
Americans moved from the South to cities
like New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland,
and St. Louis
The Southwest was also growing during
this time, Mexicans were looking for work
and escaping a revolution in Mexico
Legacy of World War I
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President Wilson gave a speech of his
ideas for peace, it was named for the
fourteen points he had
The last of Wilson's points was to create an
international peace keeping organization,
which was created and called the League
of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles formally ended the
war and placed all of the blame on
Germany, it also required them to pay
reparations – money to repay the winners
Tension Builds...Again
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Germany grew angry over the Treaty of
Versailles over the next few years
Labor strikes in the United States after the
war created a fear of communist activities
and a fear of communism called the Red
Scare
Palmer raids were going on all over, police
would barge in looking for radicals
African Americans that fought in WWI
came home to find they still had no respect
or equality in the country they fought for